1. Religion and Science in the 16th and 17th Centuries
Mental Revolutions
Religion and Science in the 16th and 17th Centuries

2. Changes in Christianity
Church moved to expand and increase devotion in rural areas
Eliminate pagan rituals and superstitions
Anti-witchcraft campaigns
Led to increased desire of commoners to be direct participants in Christianity
Spanish Inquisition 1478
Monitor Muslims and Jews
Investigate marriage

4. Spanish Inquisition

5. Reformation Movement began with Martin Luther
95 Theses (1517)
Encouraged translating the Bible
Popular with rulers who used Luther’s ideas as an excuse to seize church property
Led to a broader Protestant movement
Salvation by faith alone
Printing press key tool

6. Martin Luther

7. Wittenberg

9. Counter-Reformation
Church in Rome responded to Protestantism with Counter-Reformation
Jesuits founded by Ignatius Loyola (1540)
Missionaries and educators
Focused on reconverting seceded churches
Only marginally successful

10. Ignatius Loyola

11. Jesuit Missionary in America

12. Christian Missionary Work
New global system allowed for trade in ideas as well as goods
Catholic missions (only Church w/ $)
Philippines
Japan
China (less successful because of Manchu)
Spanish New World

13. Buddhist Missionary Work
Movement to bring direct religious experience outside priestly class
Reaction against Christian missionary work
Supported by old Mongol elite
Alliance between Dalai Lama and old Mongol rulers
Manchu used Buddhism to unify people

15. Islamic Expansion Combined merchant enterprises with missionary work
Moved through Africa and both S and SE Asia
Included both Sufi mystics and traditional Islamic missionaries

17. Sikhism New religion in 16th Century India
Blended elements of Hinduism with Islam
Persecuted by Muslim rulers of the Mughal Empire

18. Sikh Horsemen

19. Scientific Revolution
Empirical (Scientific) Method
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
Heliocentric rather than geocentric solar system
First proposed by Copernicus 1543
Galileo’s telescope 1609
Proven by Kepler early 1600s
Calculus
Isaac Newton
Laws of modern physics
Would lead to shift in world power from East to West because of new industrial technologies

20. Francis Bacon

21. Rene Descartes

23. Geocentric Solar System

24. Heliocentric Solar System

25. Copernicus

26. Galileo

27. Kepler

28. Isaac Newton