1. Hematopoiesis & Hemostasis

2. (1) Hematopoiesis Blood Cell Formation Occurs in Red Bone Marrow
Cell Development:
Hemocytoblast
(original stem cell)
Lymphoid Stem Cell
Myeloid Stem Cell
Erythrocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Platelets
Lymphocytes

3. (2) Red Blood Cell Development
RBC’s have no nucleus…
Synthesize hemoglobin during development
Increase in hemoglobin  Eject Organelles
Results in Biconcave Shape
Erythropoeitin: Protein which controls rate of RBC production.
Circulates in blood
Targets bone marrow
Produced in liver + kidney
Decrease in Oxygen  Increase in Erythropoeitin

4. (3) Rate of RBC Production
(Erythropoeitin Release  More RBC’s)
Stimulus:
Change in RBC count
Change in Oxygen availability
Change in demand for Oxygen
Scenario: Decreased RBC count…
Reduced Oxygen in blood
Kidney releases erythropoeitin
Red bone marrow stimulated
RBC’s produced

5. (4) Hemostasis (Blood Clotting)
Stimulus: Injury to blood vessel.
Events:
1. Collagen fibers exposed, Platelets adhere.
2. Platelets release serotonin to constrict vessels, More platelets seek wound.
3. Thromboplastin released by damaged vessel cells.
4. PF3 (Phospholipid) binds with Thromboplastin + Calcium  BEGIN CLOTTING CASCADE!

6. Clotting Cascade (Prothrombin Activator):
Prothrombin converted to Thrombin.
Thrombin joins Fibrinogen proteins to form larger polymer (Fibrin).
Fibrin forms a mesh-like trap to catch RBC’s.
Vessels Constrict and ruptured edges are closed together.

7. Thromboplastin….

8. Prothrombin….

9. Thrombin….

10. Fibrinogen….

11. Fibrin….

14. Initial Injury
Clotting Cascade Begins
Prothrombin changed to
Thrombin by Prothrombin
activator
Thrombin binds with Fibrinogen to form Fibrin…
Finally the mesh-like net is formed to catch blood cells

15. (5) Thrombus vs. Embolus Thrombus  Clot in wall of blood vessel
Embolus  Free Floating Thrombus
Causes:
Rough blood vessel tissue from burns, ruptures, fat.
Slow blood flow (low levels of activity)
Aspirin: Common over the counter anticoagulant.

18. (Hemostatic Disorder)
(6) Thrombocytopenia
(Hemostatic Disorder)
Low platelet count & Slow Clotting Rate
Typical of bone marrow cancer and/or radiation patients.
Caused by damaged liver  Cannot make clotting factors.

20. (Hemostatic Disorder)
(7) Hemophilia
(Hemostatic Disorder)
Low Clotting Factor Count & Slow Clotting Rate
Either missing Clotting Factor #8 or #9