1. The Industrial Revolution

2. The Invention Revolution 1800---41 patents were approved 1860----4357 patents were approved

3. Vocab Urban-cities (factories) Rural-country (farms)
Agriculture-farming
Commerce-buying and selling of goods
Textiles-Cloth
Cash Crop-primary crop being sold
Free Enterprise System-a type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want

5. Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to the old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention”, their ears perk up. Friedrich List (German visitor)

6. Free Enterprise System
Property and business are owned by individuals
The desire to make a profit motivates people
Individuals, not the government, decide what to buy and what to manufacture and sell
Competition encourages businesses to improve goods and services and to keep prices down
The government protects private property and makes sure businesses operate fairly
Bottom line: The people, not the government, are in control

7. Eli Whitney's Cotton gin
Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed daily
Created an increased need for slaves and fieldworkers to process the cotton

8. Eli Whitney's Interchangeable Parts
Made production much easier, quicker, productive, and cheaper
Often done by machine
Contributed to the growth of mass production in manufacturing

9. John Deere and the Steel Plow
Made plowing much easier and faster

10. Cyrus McCormick's Mechanical Reaper
Greatly increased farm production

11. Samuel Morse’s Telegraph
Improved communication-reducing the time need for reflection and decision making

12. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
Spun thread into cloth

13. Elias Howe’s Sewing Machine
Allowed cloth to be made into clothes quickly

14. Samuel Slater---Father of the factory system
Mass production of textiles for making clothing and other goods using steam engines
Increased demand for factory workers

15. Lowell Mills

16. Factory Working Conditions
Long hours
Tedious tasks
Dangerous
Often used children

17. The Transportation Revolution
Transpiration improvements such as the canals and railroads supported industrial growth by reducing the cost of shipping items between the east and west and created a single national market between producers and consumers.

18. First turnpike
1790--Lancaster PA

19. Conestoga Covered Wagons

20. Erie Canal System
Begun in 1817, completed in 1825

21. Principal canal routes---1840

22. Steamboat—Robert Fulton 1807
Clermont

23. Clipper Ships

24. The Iron Horse 1830—13 Miles of track 1850—9000 miles of track

25. The Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the Eastern U.S. to the Western U.S.
The majority of the Central Pacific workers were Chinese immigrants
The majority of the Union Pacific workers were Irish immigrants

26. The Gadsden Purchase
The U.S. purchased a strip of land from Mexico in 1853 in order to finish the Transcontinental Railroad

27. Northern Economy Factories, Mills, Textiles
The factory system brought workers and machines together under one roof
Most were built near a water source to power the machines
People left farms and crowded into cities
Supported high tariffs

28. Southern Economy Agricultural (farming)
The cotton gin increased the need for cheap slave labor
Before the cotton gin a worker could only clean about one pound of cotton per day. With the cotton gin one worker could now clean about 50 pounds of cotton per day
Opposed high tariffs

29. Immigration
Many Irish and German immigrants came to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century to escape a famine caused by a potato crop failure

30. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
People moving to the cities in the U.S. in the mid-1800s to find better paying jobs led to increased urbanization.
The construction of roads, canals, and railroads also played a role in rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century.

31. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
With many people in the north working in factories they became dependent on the south for food
With the increase in demand for food the farmers in the south became dependent on the north for manufactured goods
Created a working-class
Inexpensive goods
Child labor
Economic growth

32. Effects Pollution Increase in slavery Labor unions
Improved transportation and communication
Because of standardized parts and machine tools, fewer skills were needed of workers