1. The Beautiful American West!

2. Nebraska!

4. South Dakota!

5. South Dakota - The Badlands!

7. Montana!

10. Wyoming!

12. Buffalo!

13. Wyoming!

15. Wyoming - Yellowstone National Park!

19. Idaho!

21. Oregon & Washington - The Pacific Northwest!

25. South To California!

26. California!

29. California - Giant Redwoods!

30. Utah!

33. Colorado!

35. Arizona!

36. Arizona - The Grand Canyon!

38. How can we go out west?

39. Before trains (to California)…  Over land: At least 2 months… Food? Water?  Via Panama: 2-6 months… Malaria, Cholera, Smallpox?  Via Cape Horn: 6-10 month… Storms, Expense

40. Engineering Challenges Finding a route Money No machines: work by hand, pick, & shovel Getting supplies to project Material shortages Workers? Slow communication (weeks, months)

41. Problems: -Mountains! -Valleys -Snow You can: -Look for the flattest path -Carve through mountains -Use dynamite -Build bridges

42. Engineering Challenges Finding a route Money No machines: work by hand, pick, & shovel Getting supplies to project Material shortages Workers? Slow communication (weeks, months)

43. Some Engineering Solutions Money: –Pay by the mile: “Build it fast, fix it later.” –Gov’t support: Pacific Railway Act (1862) Land grants –2 competing companies, meet halfway: Union Pacific: start in Council Bluffs, IOWA! Central Pacific: start in Sacramento, California

45. The Golden Spike Promontory Summit, Utah -- May 10, 1869

46. The Golden Spike Promontory Summit, Utah -- May 10, 1869

47. Workers?

48. 90% -- Chinese immigrants Worked dawn-dusk, $30-35/month White workers: 10 hrs./day, $40/month + meals & housing 2,000 killed, 20,000 injured!

49. Impacts Time to West Coast: Immediately dropped from 2+ months to less than a week!

50. Impacts More immigration from Europe Displacement of Native Americans Wilderness --> Agriculture & Commerce You can still enjoy a cross-country train trip! Amtrak.com