1. Industrialism
I will analyze the causes of the rise of the industrialism in the late 19th Century.
Essential Question: What caused the rise of industrialism in the United States?

2. Bell Work Grab a book! Define Industrialism Define Industrialism-
a social system in which industry and factories are the basis of a country's economy
Define Industrialization-

3. Gilded Age-origin
Gilded Age -Period when corruption existed in society but was overshadowed by the wealth of the period (“gilded” is when something is golden/beautiful on the surface but is really cheap/worthless underneath)
The United States was prospering under industrialism.
Abuses in business and government caused problems for immigrants, laborers, and farmers
Term comes from a book written about the time period by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in 1873 The Gilded Age
View Intro to America’s Industrial Revolution

5. What is the Industrial Revolution about?
= The Transformation of the US national Economy
Production
Transportation
Immigration
Rise of Cities
Decline in population from rural areas
Corruption
Union Activism
Racism/Nativism
Reform- (Progressives- Fix the problems of industrial society)

6. When does the Industrial Revolution take place?
Various periods of American History
1st Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800’s with textile manufacturing and iron production
2nd Industrial Revolution really takes off in the latter part of 1800’s, ca

7. Chapter Thesis Analysis
Read the bottom paragraph on page 230.
This is the author’s thesis.
In you notes add what the author thinks caused the Industrial Revolution following the Civil War.

8. Sources of Industrial Boom
A wealth of natural resources
government support for business
a growing urban population that provided
cheap labor
markets for new products.

9. Create Cornell Notes based on pages 231-233
Read the section, Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization, and create notes on the importance of the following:
Oil
Iron
Bessemer Steel Process

10. Black Gold Oil! Originally refined to create Kerosene
Means of creating light during the night.
Oil Drilled for using steam engine
Made gathering oil beneath the earth’s surface practical
Gasoline was a byproduct of the refining process of making Kerosene
Later became the most valuable part of crude oil.

11. Sources of Industrial Growth
Raw materials
Large Labor Supply
Technological Innovation
Entrepreneurs
Federal Gov = eager to support business
Domestic Markets for goods
Business Organization

12. Iron and Steel 1870-1880s Iron Production soared
Then Steel= 40,000 miles of track
Aided by the Bessemer Process
Blowing air and secret ingredients through molten iron to burn out impurities
Blast Furnace
Furnace made of Iron and stone that increased production
New Furnaces 500 tons per week

13. The Steel Industry’s Impact on America
Bessemer Process- developed around 1850 injected air into molten iron to remove impurities and make steel-a lighter, more flexible, rust resistant metal
Steel is used in railroads, farm equipment, canned goods
Engineers use steel to create skyscrapers and longer bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)
View Steel Industry Video

17. Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh,
Steel towns- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Birmigham
Michigan, Minnesota, Birmingham AL (Iron Ore)

18. Video

19. Check for Understanding
Explain the importance of oil and steel. Justify how they changed America.

20. Create Cornell Notes based on pages 231-233
Read the section, Inventions Promote Change, and create notes on the importance of the following:
Thomas Edison and Electricity
Christopher Sholes and the typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone.

21. Inventors/Inventions
Thomas Edison
Perfected the light bulb in 1880, and motion picture
Organized power plants
Established first research lab
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone (1876)
Henry Ford
Assembly Line
George Eastman
Camera (1885)
Samuel Morse
Telegraph (1837)
Wright Brothers
Airplane (1903)
Christopher Sholes
Typewriter (1867)
Guglielmo Marconi
Radio
Wright Brothers on 1903 Flight
Samuel Morse
19th Century Typewriter
Marconi
19th Century Camera
Alexander Graham Bell

22. Video http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison/videos

23. Check for Understanding
Explain how new inventions caused the rise of industry. Justify your response

25. DOL
In a 7 sentence constructed response, Justify what caused the rise of Industrialism in the United States in the late 19th Century.

26. Transcontinental Railroad

29. Reading and Creating Cornell Notes
Title Notes- Transcontinental Railroad
Essential Question: How was the transcontinental railroad built and how did it change America?
Notes- Read the reading you were given and page 337 to create notes.k

30. The First Transcontinental Railroad

31. Why Build a Transcontinental Railroad?
Growth of West Coast
West Coast gold and silver
Shorter trip to move West
Connect East with West for business
Solidify the Union
Achieve Manifest Destiny

32. Getting Started… Choosing a route Conquering the Sierra Nevada
Congress ordered surveys in 1853
Debates between north and south about route
No free-state politicians would approve funds for a railroad that would spread slavery
Northerners won when South seceded
Conquering the Sierra Nevada
Giant, rocky, snowy obstacle for the engineers
Found a route through Donner Pass in 1860

33. Getting Started…(cont’d)
Gaining government support
Needed government cooperation, money, and LAND
Government was on board, but occupied by Civil War
Who will pay?
Big Four (Stanford, Huntington, Hopkins, Crocker)
Created and chaired Central Pacific Railroad
Thomas Durant
Ames Brothers
Bought most of the Union Pacific stock

34. The Transcontinental Railroad
The “Big Four” were Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford and Charles Crocker.
Slide #7

35. The Transcontinental Railroad
Collis P. Huntington moved to California during the gold rush. The Sacramento hardware store he and Mark Hopkins owned made money selling goods to miners at inflated prices.
Slide #8

36. The Transcontinental Railroad
Leland Stanford also made a fortune selling supplies to California gold miners. In 1861, he became governor of California and later became president of the Central Pacific Railroad.
Slide #9

37. The Transcontinental Railroad
Charles Crocker also went to California in search of gold. Like the other “Big Four”, he too struck it rich after opening a store in Sacramento.
Slide #10

38. The Transcontinental Railroad.
The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors some of the wealthiest men in America.
Stanford Huntington Hopkins Crocker
Slide #11

39. Who Made it Possible? Theodore Judah Grenville Dodge
Key Players
Theodore Judah
Grenville Dodge
Both understood the great benefits of a transcontinental railroad
Both devoted their lives to making sure the plan was carried out
Railroad experts who conducted land surveys, worked with the government, and found investors for railroad
Grenville Dodge

40. What Made it Possible? Passed July 1, 1862
Pacific Railway Act
Passed July 1, 1862
Created Union Pacific to build road from the East and meet the Central Pacific
Provided companies 5 alternating plots of land on each side of the road for each mile along the route
Allowed $16,000 for each mile of flat land, $32,000 for hills, and $48,000 for mountain terrain
Revised in 1864 to allow companies more land and privileges

41. The Game Plan Central Pacific Railroad Union Pacific Railroad
Begin in Sacramento, CA
Broke ground January 1863
Union Pacific Railroad
Begin in Omaha, NE
Broke ground in late 1863 but no tracks laid until 1865
Route along the 42nd Parallel
Meeting place: Promontory Summit, UT

43. The Transcontinental Railroad
Locate Promontory Point on the map below.
Slide #17

47. Significance of the Railroad
Biggest and best engineering project of its time
Made the country smaller
Helped spur interest in Homestead Act
Improved communication
The beginning of the end for Native Americans
Led to other transcontinental railroads and shorter branches

54. Impact of Railroads on America during the Gilded Age
Benefits
Stimulated growth of other industries (steel, iron, coal, lumber, glass)
Helped cities grow
Helped increase westward expansion of America
Standard time zones were created to get everyone on correct time
Corruption
Charged much higher rates to western farmers
Credit Mobilier Scandal 1868
Union Pacific
Fake construction company
Bribed members of Congress
Represented corruption of period
View Corruption in Railroads

55. Rail Roads: B and O, Pennsylvania, Reading, Short Line, Southern Pacific, Central Pacific
Land is granted to RR companies in exchange for building the RR- esp Transcontinental RR
Later RR will own tremendous amount of land and sell it to people moving WEST
By 1880s there are 150,000 miles of Rail creating an national economy.
Railroad Industry spurs development
Iron for Engines, and rails, later steel
Farms, lumber, Buffalo Hunters
Employment- Chinese in West, and Irish in East
Aids transportation, access to raw materials and markets, spurs construction

56. Rail Roads continued Chicago is a major rail hub-
Standard Time (4 zones)
Growth of Track
,000 miles
,000 miles
,000 miles
,000 miles
Chicago is a major rail hub-
Government paid subsidies, $ to RR in order to complete and aid in Western railroad development
The Big 4 Famous RR executives Stanford, Huntington, Vanderbilt, Crocker

57. Railroads Continued
Farmers will be angry with RR for price fixing and monopoly
Grangers- or farmer groups push state regulations on railroads- these laws are negated by the Interstate Commerce Act 1887, removing any jurisdiction over railroads by states, only the Federal Government can regulate trade between states.