1. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
refer to your handouts and pages 731 to 737
label the following:
7 types of electromagnetic waves
largest and smallest frequency
largest and smallest wavelength
largest and smallest energy
largest and smallest temperature
1-2 major characteristics of each wave
examples/uses of each wave
answer the following questions:
what is an electromagnetic wave?
summarize bottom of page 734
does an EM wave require a medium?
what is the SI unit for frequency?
what is the SI unit for wavelength?
what is the SI unit for energy?
what is the SI unit for temperature?
what equation relates wavelength to frequency?

2. radio (smallest frequency, largest wavelength, smallest energy level, smallest temperature)
travel easily around objects to transmit information across long distances
radios and televisions
microwave
emitted by all matter at typical temperatures, penetrate through non-dense objects
heat food, Doppler radar for weather, study stars, satellite communication
infrared
heat given off by anything warm (sun, fire, human bodies)
remote controls, burglar alarms, night-vision goggles
visible
emitted by the sun and other hot objects, only waves visible to humans
light bulbs
ultraviolet
emitted by the sun and other hot objects, causes sunburn
disinfectant to kill bacteria in city water supplies or to sterilize equipment in hospitals
x-rays
emitted by very high energy sources (supernovas and radioactive material), can travel through solid objects
x-ray machines
gamma (largest frequency, smallest wavelength, largest energy level, largest temperature)
emitted by extremely high energy sources (nuclear explosions and destruction of atoms), harmful to humans
kill cancerous cells

3. what is an electromagnetic wave?
a wave of perpendicularly oscillating electric and magnetic fields which radiate outward from the source at the speed of light
what is a photon?
a quantum of light, has energy but not mass
does an EM wave require a medium? no
what is the SI unit for frequency?
hertz (Hz)
what is the SI unit for wavelength?
meter (m)
what is the SI unit for energy?
electron volt (eV)
what is the SI unit for temperature?
kelvin (K)
what equation relates wavelength to frequency?
λ = c/f
λ = wavelength
c = the speed of light = 3.00 x 108 m/s
f = frequency

4. The Photoelectric Effect Energy-Level Diagrams
PROBLEM SET
due Monday the 26th
25 pts (completion)
Quantum Energy
Page 755 Practice A #1-4
The Photoelectric Effect
Page 758 Practice B #1&4
Energy-Level Diagrams
Page 769 Practice C #2&3
DeBroglie Waves
Page 774 Practice D #1,4,5

5. refer to your handouts and pages 752 to 755
BLACKBODY RADIATION
refer to your handouts and pages 752 to 755
blackbody – a perfect radiator and absorber and emits radiation based only on its temperature

6. refer to your handouts and pages 756 to 760
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
refer to your handouts and pages 756 to 760
photoelectric effect – the emission of electrons from a material surface that occurs when light of certain frequencies shines on the surface of the material

7. MODELS OF THE ATOM Create a timeline of three models of the atom.
refer to your handouts and pages 762 to 763
Create a timeline of three models of the atom.
Include the following:
name of scientist
short description of model
picture of model

8. refer to your handouts and pages 763 to 765
ATOMIC SPECTRA
refer to your handouts and pages 763 to 765
atomic spectra – an empty glass tube is filled with a pure atomic gas, then a high potential difference is applied between metal electrodes to produce a current in the gas, then the tube gives off light that is characteristic of the gas
uses: emission lines can identify elements in a mixture and absorption lines can identify elements in the solar system

9. BOHR MODEL OF HYDROGEN ATOM
refer to your handouts and pages 765 to 770
problems with this model:
~ only valid for atoms containing one electron
~ violated the laws of classical physics because electrons in a circular orbit would accelerate to the center, not maintain a fixed circular orbit
~ violated Heisenberg’s uncertainty principal because electrons were considered to have both a known radius (position) and orbit (momentum)
~ no explanation for the assumption that electrons do not radiate energy when in a stable orbit
~ no explanation for why electrons have certain stable orbits

10. refer to your handouts and pages 771 to 772
DUAL NATURE OF LIGHT
refer to your handouts and pages 771 to 772

11. refer to your handouts and pages 772 to 774
MATTER WAVES
refer to your handouts and pages 772 to 774
matter waves – also called deBroglie waves; reflects the wave-particle duality of matter; wavelength is indirectly proportional to momentum (λ = h/p) and frequency is directly proportional to energy (f = E/h)

12. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE refer to your handouts and pages 775 to 776
uncertainty principle – it is impossible to simultaneously determine a particle’s position and momentum with infinite accuracy

13. refer to your handouts and pages 776 to 777
ELECTRON CLOUD
refer to your handouts and pages 776 to 777
electron cloud – the region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus that is associated with an orbital; idea was first proposed by Schrodinger

14. Timeline of Quantum Physics