1. Approaches of Digital design part 2 Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013-

2. Metamorphic design  Metamorphic generation of form includes several techniques such as keyshape animation, deformations of the space around the model using a bounding box (lattice deformation), a spline curve, one of the coordinate system axis or planes and path animation which deforms an object as it moves along a selected path. In keyshape animation, changes in the geometry are recorded as keyframes and the software then computes the in-between states. In deformations of the modeling space, object shapes conform to the changes in geometry of the modeling space. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 2

3. Metamorphic design  Shown here is one example of a sampling set of houses which were selected from a series of digitally designed variants. All variants originate from the same 'genetic pool'. Information for the genetic pool was house plan as 'base', and a range of object- products as 'targets'. Subsequent digital blending operations between the base and a varying number of targets in turn produced a large range of 'chimerical' housings. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 3

4. Metamorphic design Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 4

5. Metamorphic design Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 5

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7. Evolutionary design  Evolutionary architecture proposes the evolutionary model of nature as the generating process for architectural form. Concepts are described in a genetic language which produces a code script of instructions for form generation. Architectural concepts are expressed as generative rules so that their evolution and development can be accelerated and tested by the use of computer models which are used to simulate the development of prototypical forms which are then evaluated on the basis of their performance in a simulated environment. Very large numbers of evolutionary steps can be generated in a short space of time and the emergent forms are often unexpected that can be generate many design concepts, and it can produce the Biomimetic architecture. (Kolarevic, Digital Morphogenesis and Computational Architectures, 2010) Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 7

8. Evolutionary design  The key concept behind evolutionary architecture is that of the genetic algorithm. The key characteristic is ―a string-like structure equivalent to the chromosomes of nature, ‖ to which the rules of reproduction and mutation are applied. Optimum solutions are obtained by small incremental changes over several generations. As shown in Figure ‎ 2–10, moreover there are two main types of evolutionary design, and they are discussed in the following lines: Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 8

9. Evolutionary design  Parametric evolutionary design  Parametric evolutionary design is the more common approach. A design is predefined and parts that require improvement are parameterised. The evolutionary system is then used to evolve these parameters. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 9

10. Evolutionary design  The generative evolutionary design  The generative evolutionary design is created that uses information in the genotype to generate alternative design models. This process consists of a rule-based growth procedure that is capable of generating design alternatives that vary significantly from one another. Such systems are sometimes described as ‗divergent systems‘, ‗exploration systems‘ or ‗synthesis systems‘. The combination of the generative concept- seeding approach with the evolutionary approach results in a new type of design method. (Janssen, 2006) Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 10

11. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 11

12. Parametric design  In parametric design, it is the parameters of a particular design that are declared by assigning different values to the parameters to create different objects or configurations. Equations can be used to describe the relationships between objects, thus defining an associative geometry. That way, interdependencies between objects can be established, and objects‘ behavior under transformations can be defined. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 12

13. Parametric design  Algorithmic procedures, associative geometry studies and scripting techniques, which are known to be commonly used in automotive and aerospace industries, fundamentally revised computational design processes, and introduced a new approach, called parametric architecture which aid the design process and go beyond mimicking the conventional drafting process. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 13

14. Parametric design  Along with that, the possibility of modifying parameters and equations is due to the description of not only one specific solution of defined relations, but instead, a whole reference of potential outcomes.Hence, once the designer defines the parametric model, he also defines a pro-creative environment where he can work with unbounded series of possibilities. By changing one parametric value, or an already defined relation, the resulting product or equation is also changed simultaneously, thus enriching the repertoire of its potential outcomes. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 14

15. Types of parametric approaches  Parametric design is one of the most commonly used approaches that respond to all stages of design intentions and expressions. The parametric design approach can as well be supported by auxiliary generative processes such as algorithmic processes and it is known as generative model, scripting techniques and studies of associative geometry and it is known as association formation models and these models what we will define in the next chapter. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 15

16.  Parametric design often entails a procedural. In 1996 Marcos Novak constructs "mathematical models and generative procedures that are constrained by numerous variables initially unrelated to any concerns. Each variable or process is a 'solt` into which an external influence can be mapped, either statically or dynamically. Novak is concerned less with the manipulation of objects and more with the manipulation of relations, fields, higher dimensions, and eventually the curvature of space itself. In his "algorithmic spectaculars" algorithmic description of geometry are described by algorithmic explorations of "tectonic production" using mathematical software. Digital Architecture AE 461 course -2013- 16

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