1. Traffic Control in Apache Jed Reynolds Blog.Bitratchet.com Where in your web site do you need traffic control?

2. Handling Traffic Efficiently Right and Wrong Traffic Reduce redundant traffic Eliminate unwanted traffic Protect your dynamic content Caching and tiered delivery

3. Spectrum of Traffic Control DNS Content Delivery Network (CDN) Proxies and load balancers Application v static content servers Application server File system and disk

4. Right Traffic: URI Stability The URLs our site has might be precious The location on disk might be moved 20,000 sub directories 10,000 files Google and Sitemaps

5. Redirects v Rewrites Redirect sends a HTTP header, Location: Rewrites are server or application configurations

6. Redirects with mod_alias Redirect permanent ^/xml/ < uri http://xml.news.com/ < header RedirectMatch permanent ^/xml/(.*)\.xml http://xml.news.com/$1.xml

7. Rewrites with mod_alias Alias /newspaper < uri /home/newspaper < disk AliasMatch /(newspaper)/(*\.htm) /home/$1/today/$2

8. Redirects with mod_rewrite RewriteCond HTTP_HOST ^(.*)\.news.org$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ < uri http://%1.news.com/$1? < header [R=301,L] < rules

9. Rewrites with mod_rewrite RewriteRule /date/(.*) < uri /home/day/$1/index.htm < disk [L] < rule

10. Avoid Combinations Order of operations: 1) 2) 3), << rewrites 4), << aliases 5) << repeat the above order inside VH’s after global scope

11. Rewrite Scripts Might be easier to write Possible performance or memory concerns What can you best maintain?

12. Reducing Redundant Traffic with your Headers Cache-Control: max-age=3600, must- revalidate Expires: Fri, 30 Oct 1998 14:19:41 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 02:28:12 GMT ETag: "3e86-410-3596fbbc" Etags encourage freshest content Encourage client caching

13. Extend Expires with mod_expires ExpiresActive on ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 hour"

14. Disable Etags Mtime Inode File size Header unset Etag FileETag none

15. Encourage 304 responses Apache is good with file content File content is fast Scripts should detect If-Modified-Since Scripts should send 304 Not Modified PHP Cache_Lite

16. Banning Traffic with Order Allow,Deny Deny from 10.10.10.10

17. Banning Traffic with mod_rewrite RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NameOfBadRobot.* RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^123\.45\.67\.[8-9]$ RewriteRule ^/news/.+ < uri - < placeholder [F] < rule

18. Vastly More Traffic Multiple servers, but where? Load balancer mod_proxy HA Proxy Reverse Proxy Caching Squid CDNs

19. Thank you Jed Reynolds has been a programmer analyst since 1996 and enjoys bicycling and his Pentax K10D blog.bitratchet.com @jed_reynolds jed@bitratchet.com