3. The Land and People of Southeast Asia Region between China and India Region between China and India Malay Peninsula Malay Peninsula Archipelago including Indonesia and the Philippines Archipelago including Indonesia and the Philippines “Melting pot” of Chinese, Indian, indigenous culture “Melting pot” of Chinese, Indian, indigenous culture

5. Geographical Barriers Oceans Oceans Mountains Mountains Valleys Valleys –All resulted in the development of many distinct cultures and languages –Southeast Asia was never unified under one single central government

6. The Formation of States Between 500 and 1500 AD Between 500 and 1500 AD Adopted and adapted government models from India and China Adopted and adapted government models from India and China Changed these government models to fit their local needs. Changed these government models to fit their local needs.

7. Vietnam China conquered Vietnam in 111 BC China conquered Vietnam in 111 BC Tried to make it part of China, but the people were just too hard to control Tried to make it part of China, but the people were just too hard to control In the 10 th century Vietnam overthrew the Chinese In the 10 th century Vietnam overthrew the Chinese They adopted a Confucian centralized government and the merit-based civil service exam They adopted a Confucian centralized government and the merit-based civil service exam

8. Angkor (Khmer) Kingdom Jayavarman established the Kingdom of Angkor in what would be Cambodia in the 9 th century. Jayavarman established the Kingdom of Angkor in what would be Cambodia in the 9 th century. United the Khmer people and declared himself a “god-king” United the Khmer people and declared himself a “god-king” Most powerful kingdom on the Southeast Asian mainland until the Thai arrived North of them Most powerful kingdom on the Southeast Asian mainland until the Thai arrived North of them The Thai destroyed Angkor’s capital city in 1432 The Thai destroyed Angkor’s capital city in 1432

9. Thailand In the 6 th century the Thai people were on the frontiers of China. In the 6 th century the Thai people were on the frontiers of China. The Mongol expansion caused the Thai to move southward during the 11 th and 12 th centuries. The Mongol expansion caused the Thai to move southward during the 11 th and 12 th centuries. Conquered Angkor Conquered Angkor Converted to Buddhism Converted to Buddhism Adopted Indian style government Adopted Indian style government

10. Burma Burmans migrated from Tibet in the 7 th century AD to avoid the Chinese invasion. Burmans migrated from Tibet in the 7 th century AD to avoid the Chinese invasion. Started out as pastoralists, became agriculturalists Started out as pastoralists, became agriculturalists In the 11 th century they founded the Kingdom of Pagan In the 11 th century they founded the Kingdom of Pagan Pagan controlled much of the Indian Ocean trade for the next 200 years Pagan controlled much of the Indian Ocean trade for the next 200 years The Mongols caused the Pagan decline in the 13 th century. The Mongols caused the Pagan decline in the 13 th century.

11. The Malay World The economy of the people of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian archipelago was connected to trade on the Indian Ocean between the Indian Kingdoms and East Asia. The economy of the people of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian archipelago was connected to trade on the Indian Ocean between the Indian Kingdoms and East Asia. The Srivijaya dominated and depended on the trade through the Strait of Malacca in the 8 th century. The Srivijaya dominated and depended on the trade through the Strait of Malacca in the 8 th century. The Kingdom of Sailendra (on the island of Java) developed an economy based on farming. The Kingdom of Sailendra (on the island of Java) developed an economy based on farming.

12. Majapahit 13 th century became the largest Kingdom in the area 13 th century became the largest Kingdom in the area Included most of the archipelago and some of the mainland Included most of the archipelago and some of the mainland Controlled the east Indian Ocean and South China Sea trade for the next 200 years. Controlled the east Indian Ocean and South China Sea trade for the next 200 years.

13. Melaka Islamic state that emerged after the Muslim conquest of northern India. Islamic state that emerged after the Muslim conquest of northern India. Muslim merchants moved from India to settle around the Indian Ocean Muslim merchants moved from India to settle around the Indian Ocean Settled in Melaka, which became a trading rival to Majapahit Settled in Melaka, which became a trading rival to Majapahit Eventually the entire region was absorbed by the Sultanate of Melaka. Eventually the entire region was absorbed by the Sultanate of Melaka.

14. Economic Forces Agricultural Economies 1.Vietnam 2.Angkor 3.Pagan 4.Sailendra Trade Based Economies 1. Srivijaya 2. Sultanate of Melaka

15. Growth of Indian Ocean and South China Sea Trade Trade expanded after the emergence of centralized states in Southeast Asia Trade expanded after the emergence of centralized states in Southeast Asia Muslim conquest of India caused a rise in demand for spices like cloves, pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Muslim conquest of India caused a rise in demand for spices like cloves, pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Then, as Europe and China both became more wealthy trade in spices and woods like teak and sandalwood increased. Then, as Europe and China both became more wealthy trade in spices and woods like teak and sandalwood increased.