1. History of Korea

2. KOREA Located on a peninsula Located on a peninsula Covered with mountains that are not high but are very rugged. Covered with mountains that are not high but are very rugged. Korea is called the “Land of the Morning Calm” Korea is called the “Land of the Morning Calm” (This book title is making a pun ) (This book title is making a pun )

3. Geography & very early history Has served as a cultural bridge linking China with island chains, including Japan Has served as a cultural bridge linking China with island chains, including Japan

4. Earliest history of Korea & Relationship with China Earliest Koreans came not from China but from Siberia & Manchuria (north of China). The earliest Koreans were hunter-gatherers. Earliest Koreans came not from China but from Siberia & Manchuria (north of China). The earliest Koreans were hunter-gatherers. Korean language is unrelated to Chinese Korean language is unrelated to Chinese However, Korea was influenced by China in many ways. About 1500BC, Agriculture, including rice farming and metalworking came to Korea from China However, Korea was influenced by China in many ways. About 1500BC, Agriculture, including rice farming and metalworking came to Korea from China

5. Early History of Korea Kingdom of Old Choson emerged in northern Korea about 200BC Kingdom of Old Choson emerged in northern Korea about 200BC 108BC- Han dynasty China conquered Old Choson & ruled it for 400 years 108BC- Han dynasty China conquered Old Choson & ruled it for 400 years During this time, Confucianism came from China to Korea, as well as Chinese writing. During this time, Confucianism came from China to Korea, as well as Chinese writing.

6. EARLY KOREA When the Han dynasty of China fell, Korea regained independence: there were three kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche & Silla When the Han dynasty of China fell, Korea regained independence: there were three kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche & Silla About 300AD-600AD is called the 3 Kingdoms period. The 3 Kingdoms often fought among themselves. This corresponds to a period of disunity in China between the Han and Sui dynasties. About 300AD-600AD is called the 3 Kingdoms period. The 3 Kingdoms often fought among themselves. This corresponds to a period of disunity in China between the Han and Sui dynasties.

7. Silla dynasty- 670AD-935AD The 3 kingdoms of Korea continued to fight. Meanwhile China became reunited under the Sui dynasty. The Sui dynasty of China tried to take over Korea but failed. Soon the Tang dynasty of China overthrew the Sui. The 3 kingdoms of Korea continued to fight. Meanwhile China became reunited under the Sui dynasty. The Sui dynasty of China tried to take over Korea but failed. Soon the Tang dynasty of China overthrew the Sui. The Korean Silla dynasty made an alliance with Tang dynasty China The Korean Silla dynasty made an alliance with Tang dynasty China Working together, the Korean kingom of Silla & Tang China conquered the other two Korean kingdoms Working together, the Korean kingom of Silla & Tang China conquered the other two Korean kingdoms Then Silla threw the Chinese out, and ruled an independent unified Korea: 670-935AD Then Silla threw the Chinese out, and ruled an independent unified Korea: 670-935AD Buddhism came to Korea from China. During this time Buddhism became increasingly important in Korea and many beautiful temples were built Buddhism came to Korea from China. During this time Buddhism became increasingly important in Korea and many beautiful temples were built The Silla dynasty is pronounced “Shilla”. It can be spelled either Silla or Shilla. The Silla dynasty is pronounced “Shilla”. It can be spelled either Silla or Shilla.

8. Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD In 935, the Koryo dynasty (this is different from the old Koguryo kingdom) overthrew the old Silla dynasty, and ruled it until the 1200s In 935, the Koryo dynasty (this is different from the old Koguryo kingdom) overthrew the old Silla dynasty, and ruled it until the 1200s The Koryo built a strong dynasty of hereditary kings. The Koryo built a strong dynasty of hereditary kings. During this time, Korea developed its own version of the “Civil Service Exam”, although in Korea, only men of the aristocracy could take the test. During this time, Korea developed its own version of the “Civil Service Exam”, although in Korea, only men of the aristocracy could take the test. The Koryo built a capital at Kaesong. We get the name Korea from this dynasty. The Koryo built a capital at Kaesong. We get the name Korea from this dynasty.

9. Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD During this time, Korea improved moveable type (a Chinese invention), by making the letters from metal, which were more durable and made a sharper image. During this time, Korea improved moveable type (a Chinese invention), by making the letters from metal, which were more durable and made a sharper image. “At first, one cuts letters in beech wood. One fills a trough level with fine sandy [clay] of the reed-growing seashore. Wood-cut letters are pressed into the sand, then the impressions become negative and form letters [molds]. At this step, placing one trough together with another, one pours the molten bronze down into an opening. The fluid flows in, filling these negative molds, one by one becoming type. Lastly, one scrapes and files off the irregularities, and piles them up to be arranged. ” “At first, one cuts letters in beech wood. One fills a trough level with fine sandy [clay] of the reed-growing seashore. Wood-cut letters are pressed into the sand, then the impressions become negative and form letters [molds]. At this step, placing one trough together with another, one pours the molten bronze down into an opening. The fluid flows in, filling these negative molds, one by one becoming type. Lastly, one scrapes and files off the irregularities, and piles them up to be arranged. ”

10. MONGOLS IN KOREA In 1231, the Mongols invaded and took over Korea, ending the Koryo dynasty. In 1231, the Mongols invaded and took over Korea, ending the Koryo dynasty. In 1392, the Korean General Yi drove the Mongols out of Korea. In 1392, the Korean General Yi drove the Mongols out of Korea.

11. Yi – Choson Dynasty 1392-1910 General Yi founded the next dynasty. It has two names. It is either called the Yi dynasty (after Yi), or the Choson dynasty. Yi himself called it Choson, after the first Korean kingdom- Old Choson. General Yi founded the next dynasty. It has two names. It is either called the Yi dynasty (after Yi), or the Choson dynasty. Yi himself called it Choson, after the first Korean kingdom- Old Choson. This dynasty lasted until 1910, when Korea was annexed by Japan This dynasty lasted until 1910, when Korea was annexed by Japan

12. Yi-Choson Dynasty: Culture During this period a beautiful type of pottery with a green-blue glaze was made called “celadon”. During this period a beautiful type of pottery with a green-blue glaze was made called “celadon”.

13. Yi – Choson dynasty-Hangul alphabet King Sejong the Great (1418- 1450) was a scholar in many fields King Sejong the Great (1418- 1450) was a scholar in many fields Created a much simpler alphabet for the Korean people-Hangul. Created a much simpler alphabet for the Korean people-Hangul. Hangul is said to be the easiest, most logical alphabet in the world, and can be learned in a few hours. Hangul is said to be the easiest, most logical alphabet in the world, and can be learned in a few hours. ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢㅣㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢㅣ

14. King Sejong & Hangul "Being of foreign origin, Chinese characters are incapable of capturing uniquely Korean meanings. Therefore, many common people have no way to express their thoughts and feelings. Out of my sympathy for their difficulties, I have created a set of 28 letters. The letters are very easy to learn, and it is my fervent hope that they improve the quality of life of all people”-from King Sejong (not Ms. LeBourg) "Being of foreign origin, Chinese characters are incapable of capturing uniquely Korean meanings. Therefore, many common people have no way to express their thoughts and feelings. Out of my sympathy for their difficulties, I have created a set of 28 letters. The letters are very easy to learn, and it is my fervent hope that they improve the quality of life of all people”-from King Sejong (not Ms. LeBourg)

15. Hangul 아 기 서 대 요 르 부 휴 쉬 와 화 웨 김 박 산 찹 금 즌 복 을 확 원 관 완 아 기 서 대 요 르 부 휴 쉬 와 화 웨 김 박 산 찹 금 즌 복 을 확 원 관 완

16. 1600s The Japanese tried to invade and take over Korea. The Japanese tried to invade and take over Korea. The Koreans, led by Admiral Yi (a different person from General Yi, who lived earlier), repelled their invasion with “turtle boats”, which had very thick, wooden sides and a metal top, the world’s first metal-clad ships. The Koreans, led by Admiral Yi (a different person from General Yi, who lived earlier), repelled their invasion with “turtle boats”, which had very thick, wooden sides and a metal top, the world’s first metal-clad ships.

17. What happened next? The Yi (also called Choson) dynasty continued until 1910. The Yi (also called Choson) dynasty continued until 1910. Then there was a period when Korea was ruled by Japan. Japan was very mean to Korea!!!! Then there was a period when Korea was ruled by Japan. Japan was very mean to Korea!!!! After World War II, Korea regained its independence from Japan. After World War II, Korea regained its independence from Japan. However, Korea became divided at the end of World War II. North Korea became communist. South Korea developed a very dynamic free enterprise economy and became the leader in video games! The two remain divided. However, Korea became divided at the end of World War II. North Korea became communist. South Korea developed a very dynamic free enterprise economy and became the leader in video games! The two remain divided.

18. SOUTHEAST ASIA Mainland Southeast Asia: Mainland Southeast Asia: Myanmar Myanmar Thailand (Siam) Thailand (Siam) Laos Laos Cambodia Cambodia Vietnam Vietnam The people & kingdoms of this area wer e influenced by both China & India, but also had their own identity The people & kingdoms of this area wer e influenced by both China & India, but also had their own identity

19. SOUTHEAST ASIA-Vietnam Forms an “S” along the eastern coast of S.E. Asia. Forms an “S” along the eastern coast of S.E. Asia. It has mountains, deltas & forests. It has mountains, deltas & forests. Two main rivers: Red River in the North. Two main rivers: Red River in the North. Delta of the Mekong River in the South Delta of the Mekong River in the South

20. VIETNAM Ancient land, inhabited since paleolithic times. Ancient land, inhabited since paleolithic times. Not much is known for sure about its early history, but there are legends that tell us the stories of its early kings. Not much is known for sure about its early history, but there are legends that tell us the stories of its early kings. Wet rice farming began in about 1200BC Wet rice farming began in about 1200BC

21. Vietnam 111BC-conquered by Emperor Wu-ti of Han Dynasty China 111BC-conquered by Emperor Wu-ti of Han Dynasty China Ruled by China most of the time from 111BC- 939AD, with several short periods when they cast off Chinese domination. During this time it was known as Annam Ruled by China most of the time from 111BC- 939AD, with several short periods when they cast off Chinese domination. During this time it was known as Annam

22. Vietnam-China Vietnam was heavily influenced by China Vietnam was heavily influenced by China Adopted Mahayana Buddhism (Mahayana is the form of Buddhism practiced in China) Adopted Mahayana Buddhism (Mahayana is the form of Buddhism practiced in China) Also adopted the philosophy of Confucianism Also adopted the philosophy of Confucianism Used the Chinese writing system. Used the Chinese writing system.

23. Vietnam 939AD-Ngo Quyen drove out the Chinese 939AD-Ngo Quyen drove out the Chinese There was a period of disorder There was a period of disorder 1009AD, a period of strong dynasties unified Vietnam again. 1009AD, a period of strong dynasties unified Vietnam again.

24. Southeast Asia-Indo China Other parts of Southeast Asia (other than Vietnam), were influenced more by India. Other parts of Southeast Asia (other than Vietnam), were influenced more by India. Early in the history of Southeast Asia, traders and missionaries (Hindu and later Buddhist) came from India came to Southeast Asia. Early in the history of Southeast Asia, traders and missionaries (Hindu and later Buddhist) came from India came to Southeast Asia.

25. Southeast Asia- Indo China These Hindu & Buddhist Missionaries brought Sanskrit writing These Hindu & Buddhist Missionaries brought Sanskrit writing Sanskrit came to be used in Southeast Asia (other than Vietnam). Indian literature spread. Sanskrit came to be used in Southeast Asia (other than Vietnam). Indian literature spread. Hinduism and Buddhism spread. Hinduism and Buddhism spread.

26. Khmer Empire Centered in modern day Cambodia and Thailand, the Khmer Empire grew to control much of Southeast Asia from 850AD-1250AD Centered in modern day Cambodia and Thailand, the Khmer Empire grew to control much of Southeast Asia from 850AD-1250AD

27. Khmer Empire Strongly influenced by Indian culture, adopted a combination of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. Strongly influenced by Indian culture, adopted a combination of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. Believed their ruler was a “god-king”. Believed their ruler was a “god-king”. The rulers built elaborate cities, government centers, and temple complexes The rulers built elaborate cities, government centers, and temple complexes. Built the huge city of Angkor as their capital. Built the huge city of Angkor as their capital Built the huge temple complex called Angkor Wat, as well as many other temples. Built the huge temple complex called Angkor Wat, as well as many other temples.

28. Khmer Empire Angkor Wat is the largest religious site in the world Angkor Wat is the largest religious site in the world It is a complex of temples that symbolize the Hindu view of the universe. It is a complex of temples that symbolize the Hindu view of the universe.

31. Angkor Wat built during the 1100s by Suryavaram II, built during the 1100s by Suryavaram II, honors the Hindu god Vishnu honors the Hindu god Vishnu is a symbolic representation of Hindu cosmology. is a symbolic representation of Hindu cosmology. Consists of an enormous temple symbolizing the mythic Mt. Meru, with five inter-nested rectangular walls and moats that represent chains of mountains and the cosmic ocean. Consists of an enormous temple symbolizing the mythic Mt. Meru, with five inter-nested rectangular walls and moats that represent chains of mountains and the cosmic ocean.

32. Khmer Empire The rulers also undertook major construction projects for the public good, such as hospitals, travelers rest-houses, canals, and huge water control systems designed to help rice farming The rulers also undertook major construction projects for the public good, such as hospitals, travelers rest-houses, canals, and huge water control systems designed to help rice farming Eventually the rulers of the Khmer Empire became corrupt, and this led to social discontent. Eventually the rulers of the Khmer Empire became corrupt, and this led to social discontent.

33. Khmer Empire In its early history, the main religion of the Khmer empire was Hinduism. In its early history, the main religion of the Khmer empire was Hinduism. Later the ideas of Theravada Buddhism became increasingly widespread Later the ideas of Theravada Buddhism became increasingly widespread More like Siddhartha Gautama originally taught More like Siddhartha Gautama originally taught Emphasizes non-violence Emphasizes non-violence

34. Theravada Buddhism is the purer, simpler form of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism had no place for splendid ceremonies, elaborate temples, or a god-king. Theravada Buddhism is the purer, simpler form of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism had no place for splendid ceremonies, elaborate temples, or a god-king. Eventually, the Khmer empire was overthrown, and Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion in Southeast Asia. Eventually, the Khmer empire was overthrown, and Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion in Southeast Asia.