1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia 12

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Islamic Civilization I.The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras II.An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements III.The Coming of Islam to South Asia IV.The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries –Peasant revolts Al-Mahdi (775-785) –Shi’a unreconciled –Succession not secure

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras Imperial Extravagance and Succession Disputes –Harun al-Rashid  Son of al-Mahdi  The Thousand and One Nights  Barmicides Persian advisors  Death followed by civil war –Al-Ma'mun

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Imperial Breakdown and Agrarian Disorder Civil unrest Caliphs build lavishly –Tax burden increases –Agriculture suffers

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Declining Position of Women in the Family and Society Seclusion, veil Polygyny

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Nomadic Incursions and the Eclipse of Caliphal Power Former provinces threaten Abbasids Buyids, Persia –Take Baghdad, 945 –Sultans Seljuk Turks –1055, defeat Buyids –Sunnis  Shi'a purges –Defeat Byzantines, Egypt

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Impact of the Christian Crusades 1096, western European Christian knights –Small kingdoms established Saladin retakes lands –Last in 1291

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements Urban growth Merchants thrive

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Full Flowering of Persian Literature Persian the court language –Administration, literature Arabic in religion, law, sciences Calligraphy Firdawsi –Shah-Nama  Epic poem

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Full Flowering of Persian Literature Sa'di Omar Kayyan –Rubaiyat

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Achievements in the Sciences Math –Build on Greek work Chemistry –Experiments Al-Razi Al-Biruni –Specific weights

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Achievements in the Sciences Medicine –Hospitals –Courses of study

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Religious Trends and the New Push for Expansion Sufis –Mysticism Ulama –Conservative –Against outside influence –Greek philosophy rejected  Qur'an sufficient

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Religious Trends and the New Push for Expansion Al-Ghazali –Synthesis of Greek, Qur'anic ideas –Opposed by orthodoxy

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Waves of Nomadic Invasions and the End of the Caliphate Mongols –Chinggis Khan Hulegu 1258, Baghdad falls –Last Abbasid killed

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Modern States with a Sizable Muslim Population

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Coming of Islam to South Asia By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central Conflict between two different systems –Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism –Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions First as traders, 8th century –Attacks lead to invasion Muhammad ibn Qasim –Umayyad general –Takes Sind, Indus valleys –Indians treated as dhimmi

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Early Islam in India

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy –India influences Arab

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions 10th century, Turkish dynasty established in Afghanistan –Mahmud of Ghazni  Begins invasion of India

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions Muhammad of Ghur –Persian –State in Indus valley –Thence to Bengal –His lieutenant, Qutb-ud-Din Aibak  forms state at Delhi  Delhi sultanate rules for 300 years

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Patterns of Conversion Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables –Also, conversion to escape taxes Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Patterns of Accommodation High-caste Hindus remain apart –Muslims also often fail to integrate

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Islamic Challenge and Hindu Revival Bhakti –Devotional cults –Emotional approach –Caste distinctions dissolved –Shiva, Vishnu, Kali especially Mira Bai, Kabir, –Songs in regional languages

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period Brahmins v. ulama –Separate communities

31. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia Shrivijaya Trading Contacts and Conversion –Trading leads to peaceful conversion  Sufis important  Starting with Sumatran ports

32. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia

33. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia Malacca –Thence to Malaya, Sumatra, Demak (Java) Coastal cities especially receptive –Buddhist elites, but population converts to Islam Sufi Mystics and the Nature of Southeast Asian Islam