1. Nationalism in Southeast Asia Section (19.1)

2. The Philippines US colony since Philippine- American War 4 July 1946 – US grants independence and a stipend in exchange for: Free trade Military bases Are the bases continued imperialism? Is the money economic imperialism? Filipinos look for non-US investment US forced out in 1992

3. Trouble in the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos elected president in 1956 Imposed martial law and runs the country until 1986 Chief rival B. Aquino loses his head Stole millions from the state

4. REVENGE!! Widow Corazon Aquino runs in 1986 election and wins Marcos tries to block her victory People rebel Aquino rewrites the constitution True democracy and term limits for the president

5. But wait…there’s more Muslim separatist group, Abu Sayyaf, wants a separate Muslim state in the Southern Islands Have blown up ferries, beheaded foreign tourists, assassinated people…usual SOP

6. Burma/Myanmar Britain grants freedom in 1948 Instant chaos between democrats, military strongmen, communists, and minority groups Par for the course really…

7. Military Dictatorship 1962 – General Ne Win creates a military run socialist state 1988 – Aung San Suu Kyi tries to start democratic movement He has been under house arrest, on and off, since 1988

8. But its Democracy! 1988 multi-party elections allowed Kyi’s party wins 80% of the vote Military refutes the results 2007 – Buddhist monks lead people in uprisings Gov’t crushes it (not in a good way)

9. Indonesia Former Dutch colony announced its freedom two days after WWII Dutch try to take it back but can’t get support from the US or the UN so they leave WWII rebel Sukarno and his army lead the revolt

10. Division in the Gov’t Sukarno tries to govern with parliamentary democracy Indonesia has: 13,600 islands 300 ethnic groups 250 languages Coup against Sukarno violently put down by Suharto (500,000 – 1,000,000 dead) Police state created with Suharto in control

11. A Change in the Air Suharto leads state into economic collapse He’s forced out in 1998 Sukarno’s daughter, Megawati Sukarnoputri, elected in 2001 Slowly moving to recovery and democracy

12. Its never that easy… Suharto had taken control in 1976 Jose Ramos Horta – pushing for freedom – wins Nobel prize in 1996 1999 – Elections in East Timor Indonesia invades UN steps in, E. Timor freed in 2002