1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE Part B 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.7 1924 funeral of Oregon family wiped out by botulism

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Botulism  Clostridium botulinum  Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe  Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin.  Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis.  Prevention  Proper canning  Nitrites prevent endospore germination in sausages.

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Botulism  Treatment: Supportive care and antitoxin.  Infant botulism results from C. botulinum growing in intestines.  Wound botulism results from growth of C. botulinum in wounds.

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diagnosis Figure 22.8

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Leprosy  Mycobacterium leprae  Acid-fast rod that grows best at 30°C.  Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells.  Tuberculoid (neural) form: Loss of sensation in skin areas  Lepromatous (progressive) form: Disfiguring nodules over body

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Leprosy Figure 22.9

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Poliomyelitis  Poliovirus  Transmitted by ingestion.  Initial symptoms: Sore throat and nausea  If persistent, virus can enter the CNS  destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in <1% of cases.  Prevention is by vaccination

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.10

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Poliomyelitis Figure 22.11

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus)  Transmitted by animal bite.  Virus multiplies in skeletal muscles, then brain cells causing encephalitis.  Initial symptoms  muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx  hydrophobia  Furious rabies: Animals are restless then highly excitable.  Paralytic rabies: Animals seem unaware of surroundings.

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rabies Virus in Wild

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus) Figure 22.12

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus) Figure 22.13

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arboviral Encephalitis  Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that belong to several families.  Prevention is by controlling mosquitoes. Figure 22.14

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings UN 22.2

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arboviral Encephalitis EncephalitisReservoirMosquito vectorU.S. distribution Western equineBirds, horsesCulex Eastern equineBirds, horsesAedes, Culiseta St. LouisBirdsCulex California Small mammals Aedes West Nile Birds, mammals Culex, Aedes

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naegleria fowleri  Protozoan infects nasal mucosa from swimming water. Figure 22.17

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Naegleria fowleri

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies  Caused by prions  Sheep scrapie  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease  Kuru (New Guinea)  Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow)  Transmitted by ingestion or transplant or inherited.  Chronic and fatal

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Figure 22.18

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.19 - Overview