1. Project Title :_________ Project Topic : Bridges Team Name Last Name, First Name Period Grade Physics Lawndale High School This 1 st Science Project is submitted to Mrs. Genota SY 2013-2014

2. Table of Contents I. Abstract II. Introduction A. Purpose B. Scope C. Background Information III. Discussion A. Physical Phenomenon B. Concepts and Techniques C. Design Research D. Hypothesis E. Construction Procedures Purpose Materials Procedures

3. F. Experimental Procedures Purpose Materials Procedures G. Data Table H. Graphs I. Analysis of Results

4. IV. Conclusion – V. Recommendation V. Appendix A. Drawings with Measurements B. Pictures of Models C. Pictures while Testing D. Formula E. Ca Standard F. Glossary

5. I.Abstract 2pages 3-4 paragraphs Double space Font size 12 Guide Questions : 1.What is the project about? 2. What is your hypothesis? 3. How did you test your hypothesis? 4. Discuss experiment. 5. Discuss the Data gathered. 6. Is the hypothesis correct ? State your conclusion

6. II. Introduction A. Purpose Project title Project topic Description Materials Restrictions Number of models Measurements Variables to be measured Variables to be calculated Purpose 2 pages (front & back) What will be the project about ? What are you going to do ?

7. B. Scope Discuss what is required and expected. What will be the limits of your project in terms of models, display board, science journal and technical report. (3 paragraphs maximum) Model - Describe in detail the specifics of your models as stated in your purpose. (number of models, measurements, materials, restrictions, variables to be tested. Purpose) Technical Paper – 5-15 pages long Aerial, Font size 12 Double spaced Parts and detail of the report *Display Board - 36 in X 48 in tri fold board /present the relevant aspects of the design project in a creative format. Indicate the parts and detail of the Board. Describe how will it be a creative display.

8. C. Background information 10 points per paragraph and 10 points per reference 5 paragraphs minimum related to the Project Topic Research summaries will about how the project will be achieve minimum of 3 references. FORMAT OF REFERENCES : Author of the article Name of the website Date of posting Name of the institution Date of accessing the information Web address

9. III. Discussion A. Physical Phenomenon 1 st Physics 2 nd Scientific Method 3 rd Safety 4 nd Measurements 5th Laws of Motion 6 th Speed,Velocity and Acceleration 7 th Gravity, Mass and weight 8 th Kinetic and Potential Energy 9 th Volume formulas of different shapes- egg package Areas and Volume Projectile Motion – Gliders /Airplanes 10 th Circular Motion Compression and Tension p264-265 Buoyancy of Air, Bernoulli’s Principle p 299- 302

10. III. Discussion B. Concepts and Techniques In paragraph format : What techniques or effective ways to construct the projects and make them work and achieve your purpose based on your research ? ( design & construction techniques)

11. III. Discussion C. Design Research Research in One or two Paragraphs Whys did you choose these designs or materials? Different Designs, Description, Name of the Design Explain its advantages materials and its advantages Preliminary Drawings – Graph Paper

12. III. Discussion D. Hypothesis Identify the variables and state the hypothesis using If and Then words and experimental variables a. Constant b. Manipulated Variables X: B. Responding Variables Y: If _________________ bridge is built, then it will hold more load. If the shape is ___________, then it will protect the eggs more securely.

13. If the materials inside the package are _________, then the eggs will be more protected. If the wings will be ________, then it will glide and hit the target. If the wings are _________, then it will glide longer in air. If the stop height is higher and the loops lower that its previous, the marble will …

14. III. Discussion E. Construction Procedures PURPOSE :______________________ Materials : 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. Procedures: at least 10 detailed steps 1. 2……… 10.

15. F. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES PURPOSE: _____________________ MATERIALS : 1. 2. 3. Procedures: at least 10 steps …. Be more detailed. 1..

16. Roller Coaster ____ Purpose: To test the three roller coaster by determining if the marble completely roll from start to finish. To measure the elapsed time, length of the track and calculate the speed using v=d/t Materials : 3 roller coasters, meterstick, stopwatch, calculator, marble, camera

17. PROCEDURES : 1. Check if the marble rolls from start to finish. 2. Measure the length of the track of each roller coaster using a meterstick. 3. Measure the height in cm of each roller coaster using a meter stick 4. Measure the time the marble rolls completely from start to finish in seconds using a stopwatch.

18. 5. Calculate the speed using V=d/t 6. Calculate the potential energy of the marble using PE= mgh in joules 7. Calculate the kinetic energy using KE=1/2 mv 2 in joules

19. Airplane Design Purpose : To test the accuracy, distance covered, time of flight and the speed of each plane. Materials : 10 paper airplanes, meterstick, hula hoops, target, stopwatch, meterstick, calculator, camera

20. Procedures: 1. Set a launching point from the hula hoop. 2. Set a target point beyond the hula hoop. 3. Measure the length of each plane in cm 4. Measure the wingspan of each plane in cm. 5. Test if paper airplanes fly through the hoop. 6. Measure the time of flight of each plane that flies through the hoop. 7. Measure the distance traveled

21. 8. Measure the distance from the target in cm. 9. Calculate the speed of each plane using v=d/t

22. Egg Package Design Purpose : To test the effectiveness of 10 egg package designs. Materials : 10 egg packages landing mat cutter garbage bag gloves, camera

23. Procedures: 1. Measure the diameter and dimention of the packages if 6inches or less. 2. List the total number of eggs inside each package. 3. List the materials inside used for each package. 4. Identify the shape of each package

24. 5. Drop the package from the top of the gym. 6. Open each package and identify the number of eggs that survived 7. Calculate the % of survival for each package using # of eggs survived/ Total eggs X 100

25. Bridge Design Purpose : To test the strength of the 5 bridges. Materials : 5 bridges Books Triple beam balance Chairs/ desks, calculators, camera

26. Procedures: 1. Measure the length of each bridge in cm. 2. Measure the width of each bridge in cm. 3. Measure the height of each bridge in cm 4. Measure the mass of each bridge in grams using a triple beam balance. 5. Put the bridges between the desks. 6. Test the strength by putting as much books until the bridge breaks.

27. 7. Calculate the strength of the bridge by multiplying the number of the books X the mass of each book. 8. Calculate the strength/ mass ratio.

28. Glider Design Purpose: To test all gliders’ distance, time of flight and speed. Materials : 5 gliders Meterstick Camera Stopwatch Flag Calculators

29. Procedures : 1. Test each glider by launching it using a glider launcher. 2. Use a specific and constant launch angle for each glider. 3. Launch the glider. 4. Measure the time of flight using stopwatch in seconds. 5. Measure the distance traveled by each glider using a meterstick. 6. Calculate the speed of each glider using v=d/t

30. G. Data and Results Roller Coaster Roller coaster Name Height, cm Length of the trach,cm #of loops Time, sec Speed, m/s KE, PE joules

31. G. Data and Results Airplane Design Airplane names Length, cm Wingspa n, cm Distance, m Distance from the target, cm Time, sec Speed, m/s

32. G. Data and Results Egg Package Egg package names Diameter, inches shapeMaterials,inside Total eggs inside Eggs survived % of survival

33. G. Data and Results Bridge design Bridge Names Length, cm Width, cm Height, cm Mass, g# of books it carried Strength = # of booksX mass of book Strength /mass

34. DATA TABLE : Glider Design Glider’s Name Length of the glider, cm Wingspa n, cm Distance, m Time of flight, sec Speed, m/s

35. H. Graphs Use MS Excel

37. I. Analysis of Results Discuss the data gathered for each model. Relate the manipulated variable with the responding variable.

38. IV.Conclusion I therefore conclude that my hypothesis is _______( correct, wrong). I found out that……

39. V. RECOMMENDATION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED SOLUTIONS SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER EXPERIMENTATION TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS

40. VI. Bibliography FORMAT OF REFERENCES : WEBSITES Author of the article Name of the website Date of posting Name of the institution Date of accessing the information Web address BOOKS: Authors Title of the book Publishing company Date of publication Pages

41. VII. APPENDICES A. Drawings with Measurements B. Pictures of Models C. Pictures while Testing D. Formula E. Ca Standard F. Glossary ( 20 TERMS /SCIENTIFIC WORDS- ALPHABETICAL ORDER)

42. DISPLAY BOARD Left SIDEMIDDLERIGHT SIDE Purpose Abstract Hypothesis Design research Construction materials and cost Drawings Data tables Photos of construction Photos of experimentation Graphs Experimental (purpose, materials and procedures) Analysis and results Conclusion Recommendation Problems and solutions Bibliography

43. Rubric – science journal Neatness – 10 % Organization – 15% Format – 15% Completion – 60%

44. Rubric – Technical Report Neatness – 10 % Organization – 15% Format – 15% Completion – 60%

45. Rubric – Display Board Neatness – 10 % Artistic -30% Organization /Format 15% Completion – 40%