1. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ONE ANOTHER Fluid Properties Con’t Pressure

2. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?

3. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge

4. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure

5. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute

6. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute  This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure

7. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute  This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi @ sea level

8. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?

9. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature -

10. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?

11. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure. ExampleExample

12. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure  Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean?

13. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure  Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean?  As volume is decreased temperature and pressure will increase and if volume is increased then temperature and pressure will decrease

14. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid

15. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water

16. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water

17. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water  Gas or vapor densities are compared to air

18. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water  Gas or vapor densities are compared to air Specific Gravity Specific Gravity – is a comparison of the fluid density of compound to the fluid density of a different compound that are both at the same temperature

19. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture.

20. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing

21. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent

22. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:

23. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATESHYDRATES

24. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES Problems with Clogging equipment and linesProblems with Clogging equipment and lines Ex p. 7  ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other

25. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES  ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other  However they are not miscible with GLYCOL