1. Psychology: Yesterday and Today

2. What Is Psychology? Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes? What is behavior? Dog Story-Perception Governed by relationships Psychology is the science of mental processes and behavior. What is science? What are mental processes? What is behavior? Dog Story-Perception Governed by relationships

3. Levels of Analysis The person The group The brain

4. History of Psychology

5. American Functionalism 1890-1920 Roots go back to 1870s Chauncy Wright The Metaphysical Club Included very important people in future of American science, philosophy, law and psychology William James 1890-1920 Roots go back to 1870s Chauncy Wright The Metaphysical Club Included very important people in future of American science, philosophy, law and psychology William James

6. Progressives Fabian Socialists Progressives Fabian Socialists

9. Wilhelm Wundt First institute for experimental psychology Germany First institute for experimental psychology Germany

11. Evolutionary psychology Evolutionarily successful cognitive strategies and goals survived Cultural universality Human and animal similarities Evolutionary psychology Evolutionarily successful cognitive strategies and goals survived Cultural universality Human and animal similarities

15. By 1890s, had abandoned biology based psychology of Wundt Adopted Evolutionary Psychology Psychology of the mind Restarting of psychological research based on evolution instead of physiology By 1890s, had abandoned biology based psychology of Wundt Adopted Evolutionary Psychology Psychology of the mind Restarting of psychological research based on evolution instead of physiology

16. “ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 James Cattell

17. “ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

18. US undergoing civil strife

23. “ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

25. “That way leads to extinction.”

26. “ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

30. Premature to apply psychology to real world applications Keep psychology pure Started structuralism Premature to apply psychology to real world applications Keep psychology pure Started structuralism Wundt’s disciple Edward Bradford Titchner

31. Structuralism Focused on identifying the “building blocks” of consciousness Sensations and images of feeling Measure of time it takes to feel Introspection: Looking within Not objectively verifiable More expertise, less introspection Main contribution=Psychology is a science Dismissed all other psychology as “functionalism” Structuralism Focused on identifying the “building blocks” of consciousness Sensations and images of feeling Measure of time it takes to feel Introspection: Looking within Not objectively verifiable More expertise, less introspection Main contribution=Psychology is a science Dismissed all other psychology as “functionalism” Some History

32. Functionalism--the Why of thinking Influenced by Charles Darwin Studied how thinking helped an individual survive and adapt to an environment Animal observations provide clues for human behavior Focused on social issues such as improving education Functionalism--the Why of thinking Influenced by Charles Darwin Studied how thinking helped an individual survive and adapt to an environment Animal observations provide clues for human behavior Focused on social issues such as improving education

33. Gestalt Psychology Focused on consciousness and principles of perceptual organization Overall patterns of thought Gestalt Psychology Focused on consciousness and principles of perceptual organization Overall patterns of thought

35. Thoughts come from what we perceive in certain ways The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

36. Psychodynamic Theory Sigmund Freud The mind has separate components Conscious and unconscious components Much of behavior in influenced by the unconscious Desires vs. social rules Psychoanalysis Psychodynamic Theory Sigmund Freud The mind has separate components Conscious and unconscious components Much of behavior in influenced by the unconscious Desires vs. social rules Psychoanalysis

37. Reaction to study of hidden unconscious Behaviorism Reaction to focus on unconscious The mind cannot be observed Behavior can be observed Science should study the observable, not emotion Behaviorism Reaction to focus on unconscious The mind cannot be observed Behavior can be observed Science should study the observable, not emotion

38. The Evolution of a Science Humanistic Psychology Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow “Client”-centered therapy We strive for self-actualization Humanistic Psychology Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow “Client”-centered therapy We strive for self-actualization

39. The Cognitive Revolution Focus on mental processes (information processing) Computer metaphor Showed importance of studying the unobservable The Cognitive Revolution Focus on mental processes (information processing) Computer metaphor Showed importance of studying the unobservable

40. Psychotherapy Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist Psychotherapist Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist Psychotherapist

41. Academic Psychologists Teach classes Conduct research Main Types: Clinical Cognitive Developmental Social Physiological Academic Psychologists Teach classes Conduct research Main Types: Clinical Cognitive Developmental Social Physiological

42. Applied Psychologists Solve problems in practical areas Main Types: Human factors Industrial/organizational Personality Social Sport School Applied Psychologists Solve problems in practical areas Main Types: Human factors Industrial/organizational Personality Social Sport School

43. Ethics in Research Institutional Review Board (IRB) Research with people Informed consent Avoid deception unless necessary Debriefing Research with animals Avoid mistreatment Proper housing Institutional Review Board (IRB) Research with people Informed consent Avoid deception unless necessary Debriefing Research with animals Avoid mistreatment Proper housing