1. PIANC Dredging 2012 Conference Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project, Richmond, California Ian Austin PhD PE - URS Corporation Paul Ryan – Chevron Environmental Management Company Mark Sutton – Dixon Marine Services Why of Interest? Technically challenging mudflat environment Specialty equipment designed to place “no-net-fill” 20-acre cap Consolidation of hydraulically placed beneficial re-use mud layer Shear stress modeling prior to sheet pile removal

2. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Site Location Embayment of San Pablo Bay in north San Francisco Bay Embayment of San Pablo Bay in north San Francisco Bay Adjacent to active refinery Adjacent to active refinery Mudflats at +2 to +3 feet MLLW Mudflats at +2 to +3 feet MLLW Shear strengths; 50, 150 psf at 1, 2 foot depths Shear strengths; 50, 150 psf at 1, 2 foot depths

3. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project AOC Effluent discharged into Cove from early 1900s until 1987 Effluent discharged into Cove from early 1900s until 1987 ERA: 20-acre AOC based on PAHs, mercury, benthic risk ERA: 20-acre AOC based on PAHs, mercury, benthic risk 2007: Dredged 97,000 cy sediment, placed upland 2007: Dredged 97,000 cy sediment, placed upland Approximately 6-inch thick layer of residual contamination remained in AOC after dredging Approximately 6-inch thick layer of residual contamination remained in AOC after dredging

4. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Engineered Cap Design Cap designed using lab tests and chemical flux modeling, expert peer review (Danny Reible) Cap designed using lab tests and chemical flux modeling, expert peer review (Danny Reible) Sequential Batch Leach, Thin Column Leach, and cap-loading tests used to develop partition coefficients and sorption capacities Sequential Batch Leach, Thin Column Leach, and cap-loading tests used to develop partition coefficients and sorption capacities Design includes ; Design includes ; “No-net-fill” requirement, < 97,000 cy “No-net-fill” requirement, < 97,000 cy 1.5 acres of Reactive Core Mats (RCM), 1.5 acres of Reactive Core Mats (RCM), 6-inch+ sand layer for chemical isolation and containment, 6-inch+ sand layer for chemical isolation and containment, 18-inch+ clean Bay mud layer to restore biological viability for benthic communities 18-inch+ clean Bay mud layer to restore biological viability for benthic communities

5. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Sand Placement Challenge Performed “in-the-wet” with 3 to 5 feet of water inside 2,700 foot sheet pile enclosure Performed “in-the-wet” with 3 to 5 feet of water inside 2,700 foot sheet pile enclosure Adjacent to an operating refinery Adjacent to an operating refinery Place a nominal 6-inch layer of sand over 20- acres (45,000 cy maximum) Place a nominal 6-inch layer of sand over 20- acres (45,000 cy maximum) Could not disturb or re-suspension residual contamination Could not disturb or re-suspension residual contamination RWQCB Order only allowed discharge of water inside sheet-pile after sand placement and WQ confirmation testing: closed loop system RWQCB Order only allowed discharge of water inside sheet-pile after sand placement and WQ confirmation testing: closed loop system Required finesse, rather than bulk production Required finesse, rather than bulk production

6. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Sand Placement thr Specialized Equipment Design: Worked with DMS on hydrodynamic design of spreaderWorked with DMS on hydrodynamic design of spreader Hydraulic placement of sand pumped 5,000 feet, needed to reduce velocities from 14 fps to 2 –> 3 fpsHydraulic placement of sand pumped 5,000 feet, needed to reduce velocities from 14 fps to 2 –> 3 fps Used computer model (HEC-RAS) to design spreader plate, flare width and slopeUsed computer model (HEC-RAS) to design spreader plate, flare width and slope Modular construction based on two 10-ft by 40-ft pontoonsModular construction based on two 10-ft by 40-ft pontoons

7. Sand Placement Automated sand slurry system used to produce accurate slurry concentrations: spreader position only variable

8. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Sand Layer Confirmation: Sand barge delivery volumes Sand barge delivery volumes Bi-weekly bathymetric surveys using purpose- built, shallow-water, 5-beam “sweep” system Bi-weekly bathymetric surveys using purpose- built, shallow-water, 5-beam “sweep” system Sand core collection in clear PVC tubes Sand core collection in clear PVC tubes

9. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Mud Layer Placement Challenge : Two weeks prior to start-up, required to change from hydraulic to mechanical dredging due to post-permit (DF&G) change in position regarding impacts to long-fin smelt Two weeks prior to start-up, required to change from hydraulic to mechanical dredging due to post-permit (DF&G) change in position regarding impacts to long-fin smelt Beneficial reuse of 37,500 cy of dredge sediment from Richmond Rod & Gun Club Yacht Harbor dredging Beneficial reuse of 37,500 cy of dredge sediment from Richmond Rod & Gun Club Yacht Harbor dredging Beneficial reuse of 13,000 cy from Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor; 8,000 feet of pipe Beneficial reuse of 13,000 cy from Point San Pablo Yacht Harbor; 8,000 feet of pipe

10. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Mechanical Hydraulic Dredge

11. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project AOC Confirmation Cross Sections Total sand and sediment volume: 95,500 cy

12. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Clay Layer Consolidation Challenge: Dewatered AOC to promote consolidation of mud slurry Dewatered AOC to promote consolidation of mud slurry Extended consolidation time from one month to four months based on shear strengths Extended consolidation time from one month to four months based on shear strengths Measured in-situ shear strength in surrounding mudflats Measured in-situ shear strength in surrounding mudflats Measured strength of mud in AOC along diagonal transect – field shear vane measurements Measured strength of mud in AOC along diagonal transect – field shear vane measurements

13. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Shear Vane Transect

14. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project MIKE 21 Shear stress modeling of sheet pile removal Modeled tide-specific sequencing options for reintroducing the tide First: 300-ft pushed down to create 1-foot high weir -> minimize initial tidal prism Second: sheet removal with two barge cranes along north face

15. Castro Cove Sediment Remediation Project Conclusions Cooperation between regulatory agency, owner, engineer, contractor needed to complete the project (from 1997 to 2012) Cooperation between regulatory agency, owner, engineer, contractor needed to complete the project (from 1997 to 2012) Integration of science, engineering, construction needed to meet technical challenges (material delivery, mud consolidation, sheet pile removal) Integration of science, engineering, construction needed to meet technical challenges (material delivery, mud consolidation, sheet pile removal)