1. Unit 1: Introductions, Foundations, and Research Methods Review

2. Complex explanation based on findings form any studies is an…. Theory

3. The concept of “unconscious determinants of behavior” is associated Sigmund Freud

4. A hypothesis Is an educated guess, part of the scientific method and has to be scientifically tested.

5. The first modern psychologist was…. Wilhelm Wundt

6. Psychologists who use psychological principles to solve immediate problems are practicing Applied Science

7. Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the _____ group. Experimental

8. When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one, the study is known as. Double-blind study

9. The variable that experimenters manipulate is called the _____ variable. Independent

10. The cardinal rule of naturalistic observation is to Avoid disturbing the participants

11. When researchers unwittingly bring about the situation they expected to find, they have created a Self-fulfilling prophecy

12. Developing detailed information about a person or small group’s background. Case Study Method

13. Began the study of psychology by posing and answering questions. Aristotle

14. The group that does not receive the experimental treatment or the independent variable. Control Group

15. The factor the experimenter deliberately manipulates or controls which affects the dependent variable. Independent Variable

16. A group that receives the experimental treatment or the independent variable. Experimental group

17. A statement of the results expected by the experimenter. Hypothesis

18. A group that represents a larger group. Sample

19. Studying people face to face and asking questions. Interview

20. Diagnose and treat mental and behavioral disorders. Clinical psychology

21. Studying subjects without their being aware of the fact. Naturalistic Observation

22. Researcher’s preconceived notions influence the subject’s behavior and/or the interpretations of results. Experimenter bias

23. Conduct lab research in all areas of psychology. Experimental psychology

24. Study relationship between people and their work environment. Industrial psychology

25. Describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes. Goals of Psychology

26. Inspired scientists to study animals to understand human behavior. Darwin

27. The factor that changes as a result of what the experimenter does. Dependent Variable

28. Study of human and animal behavior. Psychology

29. Subject’s response to a treatment is due to subject’s expectations about the treatment rather than the actual treatment itself. Placebo Effect

30. William James established the first psychology lab. False

31. Clinical psychologists usually work in schools. False

32. B.F. Skinner is a behavioral psychologist. True

33. Carl Rogers is a proponent of the humanist school of psychology. true

34. Sigmund Freud is a cognitive psychologist. False

35. Descriptive research methods seek to explain casual relationships. False

36. A disadvantage of a lab experiment is that it can be artificial and contrived. True

37. A survey is a psychological test used to gather information from a group of people. False

38. Experimenter bias can be overcome with the use of the double-mute technique. False

39. Selection bias can be overcome with the use of random assignment. True

40. According to APA research guidelines, it is okay if a human subject is harmed in the course of a psychology experiment as long as there isn’t extreme damage. False

41. APA research guidelines require that human subjects be debriefed so that all negative effects of the experiment are removed. True

42. Researchers must do everything possible to minimize discomfort, pain, and illness in animal subjects. True

43. Behavior is viewed as a reflection of internal personal growth. Humanistic

44. Behavior is viewed in terms of physiological response. Biological

45. Behavior is viewed as a product of various internal thoughts. Cognitive

46. Behavior is viewed as a product of learned responses. Behavioral

47. Behavior is viewed as a reflection of unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses. Psychoanalytical

48. The environment shapes behavior. Behavioral

49. Humans have a high level of free will. Humanistic

50. The unconscious motivates behavior. Psychoanalytical

51. Identify and provide an example of the four goals of psychology. Describe, Explain, Predict and Influence. Examples will vary. Be certain that students correctly distinguish between explaining and predicting behavior.

52. What are the differences and the similarities between a psychiatrist and a psychologist? A psychiatrist is a medical doctor and can prescribe medications. A psychologist usually has a doctorate in a specialized area of psychology. Members of both professions test, evaluate, and treat many of the same kinds of psychological disorders.

53. Be able to identify the following: the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group and the control group in an experiment.