1. Chapter 9: The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam
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2. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Sasanid Empire ( )
Sasanid Empire established in 224 and controlled Persia and Mesopotamia.
Zoroastrianism – official religion.
Religion began to replace citizenship, language, and ethnicity as a person’s link to a group.
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3. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life
Born in Mecca.
Entered caravan business.
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4. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life
Muhammad’s Spiritual Transformation
Received revelations from Allah around 610 AD.
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5. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life
Muhammad’s Spiritual Transformation
The Quran
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6. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca
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7. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad’s Migration to Medina (Yathrib)
Conflict at Mecca - 622
The Hijra – Flight marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
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8. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca
The Hijra
The Umma – single group formed to recognize Muhammad as the “Messenger of God” and the core organization of the Islamic state.
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9. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca
The Hijra
The Umma
The “Seal of the Prophets”
Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad. “People of the book”
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10. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
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11. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
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12. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Profession of faith - Allah as God
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

13. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Profession of faith - Allah as God
Daily Prayer – 5 times a day.
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14. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God
Daily Prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
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15. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God
Daily Prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
Alms for the weak and poor
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16. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God
Daily Prayer
Fasting during Ramadan
Alms for the weak and poor
Pilgrimage to Mecca - Hajj
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17. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9 Rise of Islam
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18. Chapter 9 The Rise of Islam
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19. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
A Prophet and His World
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
The Five Pillars of Islam
Islamic Law: The Sharia
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20. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliphate
The Expansion of Islam, C.E.
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21. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph
The Expansion
of Islam
The Expansion of Islam, C.E.
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22. Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
Division of Islamic Followers
Mohammad’s death in 632 caused a problem with succession.
Caliph or leader appointed as a spiritual and political leader to continue the faith.
Abu Bakr ( ) united Bedouin tribes to protect the new religion against outside threats.
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23. Chapter 9: The Rise of Islam
Sunni – Muslims that believe that any Muslim that is a true follower of the faith can be both the political and spiritual leader of Islam.
Approximately 80-90% of all Muslims.
Shi’a (Shi’ite) – Muslims that believe that the true leader of the faith must be a direct descendent of Ali.
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24. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph
The Expansion
of Islam
- Jihad
The Expansion of Islam, C.E.
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25. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph
The Expansion
of Islam
The Umayyad
Dynasty
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26. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph
The Umayyad Dynasty
Policy Toward Conquered Peoples
Allowed religious freedom. Non-Muslims paid a special tax.
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27. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph
The Shia
The Umayyad Dynasty
Policy Toward Conquered Peoples
Umayyad Decline
Decadent living by leaders. Resentment from conquered peoples.
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28. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
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29. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
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30. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
Abbasid Administration
Agricultural Village, ca 1200 C.E.
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31. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
Abbasid Administration
Used Persian model of bureaucratic rule.
Central authority in Baghdad
Used judges and religious leaders to set moral standards in each community.
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32. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
The Expansion of Islam
The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas
Abbasid Administration
Abbasid Decline
Civil wars and provincial governors taking more authority than central ruler.
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33. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth
The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops
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34. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth
The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops
Effects of New Crops
Increase in food supplies
Cotton – increased textile production
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35. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth
The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops
Effects of New Crops
Agricultural Experimentation
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36. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth
The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops
Effects of New Crops
Agricultural Experimentation
Urban Growth
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37. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
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38. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
Camels and Caravans
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39. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
Camels and Caravans
Maritime Trade
Slave Market, ca 1200 C.E.
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40. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
Camels and Caravans
Maritime Trade
Banks
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41. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
Camels and Caravans
Maritime Trade
Banks
The Organization of Trade
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42. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Overland Trade
Camels and Caravans
Maritime Trade
Banks
The Organization of Trade
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43. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Changing Status of Women
The Quran and Women
Harem
Seclusion of women from men
Women could own property; testify in court
Women played an indirect role in Muslim society
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44. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World
The Changing Status of Women
The Quran and Women
Veiling of Women
Strong patriarchal societies. Veiling present before Islam. Persian custom adopted by Muslims as the religion spread.
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45. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values
Establishment of religious schools – madraras
Ulama (religious scholars), qadis (Islamic judges), and missionaries spread the religion.
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46. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values
Sufis
Religious mystics
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47. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values
Sufis
Sufi Missionaries
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48. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values
Sufis
Sufi Missionaries
Hajj
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49. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece
Persian Influences on Islam
Political organization.
Language – (Arabic)
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50. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece
Persian Influences on Islam
Indian Influences on Islam
Hindu numerals.
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51. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges
Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece
Persian Influences on Islam
Indian Influences on Islam
Greek Influences on Islam
Science
Philosophical writings
Medical writings and research
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52. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: Rise of Islam
Contributions:
Astrology
Medicine (Infectious diseases, hospital organizations, value of cauterization, and cleanliness)
Optics and chemistry – Alchemy
Commerce
Industry
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53. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9: Islamic Art
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54. Chapter 9: Islamic Architecture
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