1. 1 PART ERA 5 Increased Hemispheric Interaction WORLD HISTORY
500ish

2. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
A. Why the Church? Under Rome, the church experienced both persecution and acceptance. As the barbarians increased their attacks on the empire, they faced unexpected opposition: the church. When Attila the Hun approached the city of Rome in 452, he accepted the appeals of Pope Leo I to spare the city; he retreated. The church proved to be the one stable institution after the fall of Rome.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

3. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
Who is the Church? The church hierarchy developed distinct roles for believers.
Specifically, a church represents a local assembly of believers; generally, the church represents a spiritual body of believers everywhere—a universal assembly—united by faith: the catholic church. The people form of this church form the laity.
Official church workers dedicate their lives in service to the church; they form the clergy.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

4. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
The bishop of Rome, presiding over the largest and wealthiest city in the empire became known as the pope (“father”, “protector”).
Beneath the pope serve cardinals, archbishops, bishops, priests, and nuns—as well as others. Each have different roles in the church: some serve as leaders of local congregations; some went to foreign lands as missionaries to convert non-Christians; some secluded themselves as monks, living apart from society in self-denial and study (called monasticism).
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

5. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
What does the Church Believe? Church doctrine (official statements of belief) came from a mixture of the teachings of Jesus, the writings of the saints, and tradition. The sacraments (sacred acts performed to bring grace) of the Roman Catholic Church include
Baptism to wash away original sin
Confirmation to grant church membership and establish fellowship
Penance to forgive sin
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

6. Communion (Holy Eucharist) to remember the Lord’s crucifixion
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
Growth of the Medieval Church
Communion (Holy Eucharist) to remember the Lord’s crucifixion
Extreme Unction (Last Rites) to remove unconfessed sin prior to death
Holy Matrimony to sanctify marriage
Holy Orders to identify service to the Church
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

7. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
The Kingdom of the Franks
Germanic tribes of northern Europe warred amongst themselves for generations.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
One of them, the Franks, became a long-lasting empire after Clovis defeated rival tribes.

8. His conversion to Christianity brought support from Rome.
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
His conversion to Christianity brought support from Rome.
Consistent with custom, his heirs divided the kingdom among themselves upon his death.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
The Baptism of Clovis I, King of the Franks

9. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
The fracturing of the Frankish kingdom weakened the power of the kings. The actual power behind the throne was the “major domo” – the mayor of the palace who managed the king’s household.
In 732, one of these de facto rulers, Charles Martel, stopped the advance of the Muslims into Europe at the Battle of Tours.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
His son, Pepin, successfully appealed to the pope to be named king. This strengthened the relationship between the political power of the king and the spiritual power of the pope.

10. The Carolingian Empire
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
The Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) assumed the kingship following Pepin’s death. An aggressive warrior, he strengthened the Frankish military and expanded the empire to its greatest size.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

11. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
He delegated authority to district nobles responsible for managing the kingdom; he relied on missi dominici (“messengers of the king”) to inspect their work. A patron of learning, he revived classical studies, preserved the Latin culture, and established monastic and palace schools.
Charlemagne’s reign represented the development of a “new” civilization. The pope, the spiritual leader of Western Christendom, crowned Charlemagne, a German, as emperor of the Romans. This recognition of authority raises the question of whose authority is greater: the king/state or the pope/church.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

12. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
A New Western Empire
Charlemagne’s success—no surprise—was marred by the division of his kingdom. His grandsons fought each other for control, eventually dividing the realm into three kingdoms: the West Frankish Kingdom will become, over time, France; the East Frankish Kingdom will become, over time, Germany; the Middle Frankish Kingdom will become what the other two have been fighting over since the split!
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
Invaders (Vikings from the north; Muslims from North Africa; Magyars from the East) threatened the quarrelling kingdoms and hastened their decline.

13. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
Feudalism: political system in which lords granted land to vassals in return for a pledge of military service
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

14. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
Manorialism: economic system in which lords granted land to vassals in exchange for money, crops, and services
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

15. land grant from the lord to the vassal
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
LORD
landholding noble
FIEF
land grant from the lord to the vassal
VASSAL
servant indebted to a lord
HOMAGE
obligation of service and respect of a vassal to a lord
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
INVESTITURE
symbolic of granting authority or power
OATH OF FEALTY
pledge of faithfulness to a lord
AIDS
Financial payments made by vassals to their lords

16. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
“I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit.”

17. land reserved for the lord
The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
MANOR
Self-contained farming community controlled by a lord and worked by peasants
DEMESNE
land reserved for the lord
SERF
peasant farmer
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
GLEBE
lands reserved to support the church
FREEMAN
officials and skilled laborers

18. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
PAGE
Age 7 to mid teens
Academic and physical training
Odd jobs around the major and/or castle
SQUIRE
Mid-teens to 21
Personal servant of a knight
Continuation of training
KNIGHT
Adulthood
“Dubbed” after completion of training or heroism in battle
Full service to lord
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

19. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
CHIVALRY
a noble’s Medieval code of ethics of loyalty, honor and courtesy; a knight pledged service…
…to His Lord
The knight was a soldier. Loyalty to his lord was essential in a feudal society, and a central element of chivalry
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
…to the church
The Roman Catholic church was a major influence on life in the Middle Ages. Rigorous observance of Church doctrine was expected although Church practices varied across the continent

20. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
…to Women
Knights were expected to be honorable in their dealing with noblewomen. In time, a romantic idea developed: a knight was supposed to pledge his devotion and service to a noble lady, who might be married to someone else.
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
…to the Weak
Ideally, a knight would be expected to use his military skill and social standing to protect the most vulnerable people in society

21. The Emergence of Europe
The Making of Medieval Europe
The Feudal System
WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION