1. Rhetorical Strategies Commonly Found in Non-Fiction Texts Eng 12

2. What is a “Rhetorical Strategy”? A technique that an author or speaker uses to evoke a response in the audience. These responses are central to the meaning of the work or speech, and should also help get the audience's attention.

3. Appeals to Pathos Definition: Verbiage that attempts to influence the listener or reader by appealing to emotion. Hint: Look for loaded words and phrases which have strong emotional overtones or connotations. Appeals to pathos should evoke strongly positive—or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning.

4. Appeals to Ethos Definition: Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing a figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise.

5. Appeals to Logos Definition: Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing facts and statistics.

6. Rhetorical Questions What do you already know about RHETORICAL QUESTIONING?

7. Rhetorical Questions Definition: Questions that are posed that do not require an answer. Example: "How much longer must people endure this injustice?” THINK-PAIR-SHARE WHY might an author use this strategy when developing an argument?

8. Repetition of Ideas Definition: Repeating words and phrases for a desired effect -- usually for emphasis or style. Whole Class: Who can think of a current commercial or advertisement that uses “repetition of ideas”?

9. Analogies Definition: drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect. Example: "the operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the brain"

10. Diction Definition: refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression. Diction has a direct influence on the author’s Tone.

11. Tone Definition: how the author or speaker conveys his/her feeling about the subject matter.

12. Allusion Definition: a figure of speech that makes a reference to a place, historical event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication. (Think historical, mythological, biblical, etc.)

13. As You Read Think/Record… Are there any OTHER examples of rhetorical strategies that you notice in your Non-Fiction book? Alliteration - the recurrence of initial consonant sounds - rubber baby buggy bumpers Antithesis - makes a connection between two things - “That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” (Neil Armstrong) Epithet - using an adjective or adjective phrase to describe - mesmerizing eyes Hyperbole - an exaggeration - I have done this a thousand times. Metaphor - compares two things by stating one is the other - The eyes are the windows of the soul. Onomatopoeia - words that imitate the sound they describe - plunk, whiz, pop Oxymoron - a two word paradox - near miss, seriously funny Parallelism - uses words or phrases with a similar structure - I went to the store, parked the car and bought a pizza. Simile - compares one object to another - He smokes like a chimney. Understatement - makes an idea less important that it really is - The hurricane disrupted traffic.