1. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Outline: Introduction – WFD Annex V – how to quantify? What has the REBECCA project given? Examples of dose-response functions relating ecological and chemical elements How to use automated methods? Approaches for establishing links among ecological and chemical status

2. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Introduction – WFD Annex V – how to quantify? Monitoring of chemical elements has dominated classification systems before WFD Eutrophication/organic pollution: P, N, BOD, COD, O2 Acidification: pH, ANC, Al Toxic substances: metals, POPs WFD require monitoring of biological elements Phytoplankton, benthic algae, macrophytes, benthic fauna, fish Links between biological and chemical elements needed for river basin management plans Challenge to develop classification systems with biological indicators and class boundaries in line with Annex V normative definitions Challenge to obtain type-specific relationships between chemical and biological indicators for different pressures

3. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 What has the REBECCA project given? REBECCA: Relationships between ecological and chemical status of surface waters EU FP 6 project: 2004-2007 Constructing relationships based on existing data Lakes, rivers and coastal waters included Eutrophication, acidification, toxic substances and hydromorphological pressures included Publications: Lakes results published in Aquatic Ecology (May 2008) Rivers results will be published in Freshwater Biology (autumn 2008) Coastal results published in different marine biology journals Final conference in Oslo in May 2007 All reports and presentations available at www.rbm-toolbox.net

4. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 REBECCA dataset for Lakes Largest Pan-European dataset ever: >5000 lakes (Moe et al. 2008)

5. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Examples of dose-response functions relating ecological and chemical elements Lakes: Phytoplankton and nutrients Macrophytes and nutrients Rivers: Benthic invertebrates and organic pollution Benthic algae (diatoms) and nutrients Benthic invertebrates and toxic pollution (heavy metals) Coastal waters: Phytoplankton and nutrients

6. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Lakes: Phytoplankton and nutrients Phytoplankton taxonomic indicator responses (Ptacnik et al. 2008, Lyche-Solheim et al. 2008) Chlorophyll-a µg L -1 % of biovolume Cyanophytes (excl. Chroococcales but incl. Microcysta and Woronichinia) Pennate diatoms spring/early summer samples late summer samples Chrysophytes (excl. Synura and Uroglena) H/GG/M

7. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Lakes: Macrophytes and nutrients Macrophyte indicator (Isoetids) responses in low alkalinity lakes (Penning et al. 2008)

8. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Rivers: benthic invertebrates Benthic invertebrates integrated common metric index (ICMi) response to organic pollution (Buffagni & Owen, R. 2007)

9. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Rivers: Benthic algae and nutrients Diatom responses (Deflandre-Vlandas et al. submitted)

10. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Rivers: benthic invertebrates and toxic pollution Benthic invertebrates and impact of heavy metals (Cu) in a Norwegian river exposed to mining waste (Moe et al. submitted)

11. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Coastal waters: Phytoplankton and nutrients Bloom frequency and biomass increases with total nitrogen concentrations (Carstensen et al. 2006)

12. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Coastal waters: Macroalgae and nutrients Macroalgae response to nitrogen (Krause-Jensen et al.)

13. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 How to use automated methods? Essential to establish good correlations between the automated method parameter and the biological indicators used in the new WFD classification systems Automated methods that are well correlated to the biological indicators may enhance spatial and temporal resolution of monitoring data, and allow detection of effect of measures Two examples of automated methods: Monitoring phytoplankton in coastal waters in Norway using satellite images and sensors on ferries Mapping the riparian corridor as a proxy for ecological status of rivers

14. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Sensors for marine phytoplankton Sensors on ferries detect algal blooms in the Oslofjord (green line) in contrast to conventional sampling programmes (red dots in figure) (Sørensen 2008)

15. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Satellite images for marine phytoplankton Algal biomass in Skagerak during spring bloom 2008 (Sørensen in prep., www.ferrybox.no)

16. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Mapping of the riparian corridor as a proxy for ecological status of rivers From JRC IES Agri-Env action on Impact assessment and riparian mapping using time series of remote sensing (Ivits- Wasser et al.) Permanent vegetation fraction derived from remote sensing correlates to the favourable status Classification of the riparian-zone into favourable and unfavourable status in the Andalusia river network based on field observations Classification accuracy: 89% favourable statusunfavourable status

17. Anne Lyche Solheim, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway Workshop on ”In situ trialing for ecological and chemical studies in support of WFD implementation”, Pau, France, 14.-15. May 2008 Thank you for your attention!