1. CLEANSED CLEANSED LIFE + (2014-2015) Carlos García Izquierdo. CEBAS-CSIC (PARTNER) PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC) Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000652 Innovative integrated methodology for the use of decontaminated river sediments in plant nursing and road building

2. CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain) CSIC Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS-CSIC CEBAS CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO

3. Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC) Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC) CEBAS LABORATORIES CULTURE CHAMBERS PILOT PLANT EXOERIMENTAL FIELD

4. Dr. Carlos Garcia Dra. Teresa Hernández Dr. J. Moreno Dr. Felipe Bastida Lda. Mª Dolores Coll Lda. Carmen Chocano Eva Andreu CEBAS-CSIC (CLEANSED) CLEANSED (LIFE+)

5. CLEANSED PROJECT CLEANSED PROJECT ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES FROM CEBAS-CSIC: Analysis on contaminated sediments (General analysis) Analysis on contaminated sediments (General analysis) and treated sediments and treated sediments ACTION B and C Chemical analysis: pH, CE, OM, TOC, soluble C Physical analysis: Humidity, bulk density, water holding capacity Toxicological analysis: Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb Nutritional and elemental analysis: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe Plant phytotoxic test (Petri plate). Germination index on 2 different seeds (Lepidium sativun and Hordeum vulgare).

6. SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

7. Vol (ml) Wheigt (g) Density (g/ml) Paspalum vaginatum PV 108,720,87 Controllo (no piante) C 108,840,88 Tamarix+Paspalum TP 108,90,89 Spartium+Paspalum SP 109,030,9 Phragmites P 109,550,96 Oleander+Paspalum OP 109,050,9 Water time Initial wheight 10 min15min20min25min35min Paspalum vaginatum PV 3,5 Horas30,32830,10429,99129,89229,849 Controllo (no piante) C 3 Horas30,834530,40330,13730,079529,914 Tamarix+Paspalum TP 3 Horas30,43830,15429,95729,79429,532 Spartium+Paspalum SP 3 Horas30,30529,949529,48929,30729,206 Phragmites P 3 Horas29,73529,29329,07128,938528,8135 Oleander+Paspalum OP 3 Horas30,06329,734529,528529,3429,2815 Balancing the air and water contents has been one of the biggest problems facing greenhouse growers. The substrate can greatly influence the air and water content in the root zone. For this reason, mixtures used in greenhouses are fairly close in total porosity; usually between 80 and 90%. BULK DENSITY AND WATER CAPACITY CURVES (Physical Parameters)

8. Samples wheightHumidityDry samplesWHC Paspalum vaginatum PV30,08815,1525,5317,86 29,6115,1525,1217,86 Controllo (no piante) C29,61316,6224,6919,93 30,21516,6225,1919,93 Tamarix+Paspalum TP29,4217,2524,3420,85 29,64417,2524,5320,85 Spartium+Paspalum SP28,70817,2623,7520,87 29,70417,2624,5820,87 Phragmites P28,5117,2723,5820,88 29,11717,2724,0920,88 Oleander+Paspalum OP30,03114,7825,5917,35 28,53214,7824,3117,35 WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WRC) WHC in sediments after treatment is between 17-20%. Sediments could be mixed with other residues in order to increase WHC

9. Sediments after treatment: Basic pH (>8) and low EC ( 8) and low EC (<300 microS/cm). Humidity between 14-20% pH and EC

10. Total organic C was higher in Paspalum vaginatum, Tamarix+Paspalum and Oleander+ Paspalum. Maybe Paspalum increases the TOC and soluble organic C. Soluble N is between 400-500 ppm in all samples. C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTS

11. Element groups: (Ca, Al, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr) CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

12. Cd could be the more toxic heavy metal CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

13. Sample F - (mg/L) Cl - (mg/L) NO 2 - (mg/L) Br - (mg/L) NO 3 - (mg/L) PO 4 3- (mg/L) SO 4 2- (mg/L) Paspalum vaginatum 0,20 2,300,13 <0,057,881,05 47,23 0,28 7,440,13 <0,057,93<1,0 47,08 0,34 3,100,19 <0,057,28<1,0 61,28 Controllo (no piante) 0,04 1,400,19 <0,0513,21<1,0 38,65 0,41 10,960,22 <0,0511,35<1,0 39,95 0,40 5,080,19 <0,0511,04<1,0 32,60 Tamarix+ Paspalum 0,38 1,400,13 <0,0510,44<1,0 53,51 0,41 <1,00,20 <0,0510,62<1,0 55,85 0,25 <1,00,25 <0,058,68<1,0 55,11 Spartium+ Paspalum 0,51 <1,00,19 <0,056,13<1,0 10,30 0,16 <1,00,18 <0,054,72<1,0 10,30 0,26 <1,00,19 <0,054,11<1,0 9,20 Phragmites 0,20 <1,00,24 <0,055,18<1,0 16,70 0,57 <1,00,19 <0,054,87<1,0 15,80 0,87 <1,00,19 <0,0512,10<1,0 25,30 Oleander+ Paspalum 0,93 <1,00,19 <0,0510,10<1,0 9,90 1,05 <1,00,19 <0,059,60<1,0 7,80 1,85 <1,00,24 <0,059,60<1,0 7,20 ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT The most abundant anion measured in sediments after treatment was SO 4 -2.

14. PHYTOTOXICITY: PLANT TEST PHYTOTOXICITY ASSAY Germinatión seeds en placas petri Lolium perenne Hordeum vulgare SEDIMENT 5 days incubation 28 ºC and humidity * % germinated seeds * Roots Germination Index

15. Some extracts showed a positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh. Phragmites seems to increase seed germination. PLANT TEST

16. SEDIMENTS WHITOUT TREATMENT ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

17. Vol (ml) Wheight (g) Bulk Density (g/ml) High contamination CLAY HC 1011,361,1 Low contamination LC 1010,531,05 Sandy Clay 1010,491,05 Sandy Silt 109,480,95 Water time Initial wheight 10 min 15min20min25min35min High contamination HC 4 Horas 24,375524,31824,277524,263524,2375 Low contamination LC 3 Horas 32,65532,35532,180532,077531,931 Sandy-Clay 33,859533,643533,513533,39833,323 Sandy- silt 3 Horas 34,198533,81233,423533,30733,2525 A correct moisture in a adequate substrate prior to use would avoid the need of heavily watering after seeding BULK DENSITY AND WATER HOLDING CURVES (physical parameters)

18. Samples (g) Humidity Dry samples WHC High contamination HC 24,0144,8922,845,15 24,4614,8923,265,15 Low contamination LC 32,1541,4731,681,49 31,7081,4731,241,49 Sandy-clay33,764,8132,145,05 32,8864,8131,305,05 Sandy-Silt33,20517,3227,4520,95 3617,3229,7620,95 Water holding capacity is about 5%, in LC <2%. Sandy-Silt showed 20% of WHC WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WHC)

19. Electrical conductivity: 6-12 miliS/cm. Basic pH for all samples HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt pH and EC

20. C values in sediments without treatment were 2-4,5%, 1-2,5% is Organic Carbon HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTS

21. Element groups: (Al, Ca, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr) HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

22. Cd is the more toxic heavy metal HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

23. SAMPLES F - (mg/L) Cl - (mg/L) NO 2 - (mg/L) Br - (mg/L) NO 3 - (mg/L) PO 4 3- (mg/L) SO 4 2- (mg/L) HC 0,69 1745,500,13 0,620,90<1,0 411,50 1,10 1769,40<0,1 6,7721,70<1,0 418,60 0,99 1786,20<0,1 6,800,90<1,0 414,70 LC 1,12 2000,90<0,1 7,824,80<1,0 448,20 1,15 2035,80<0,1 7,804,80<1,0 451,20 0,74 3886,80<0,1 14,6411,75<1,0 856,20 Sandy-Clay0,86 2971,30<0,1 10,768,90<1,0 1029,70 1,75 2957,60<0,1 9,631,23<1,0 1060,30 1,79 2906,50<0,1 9,361,27<1,0 1099,80 Sandy-Silt0,93 2561,60<0,1 9,522,54<1,0 1738,50 0,62 2546,40<0,1 9,972,07<1,0 1717,70 0,64 2501,60<0,1 9,882,00<1,0 1690,90 ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS WITHOUT TREATMENT The most abundant anions measured on sediments without treatment were Cl -1 and SO 4 -2.

24. A positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh was showed. A biostimulant effect is possible PLANT TEST

25. EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT To increase micror- ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri- zation,… To improve the structure of the decontaminated sediment SEDIMENT AS AMENDMENT FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM To increase sediment quality, fertility and productivity AMENDMENTS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM DECONTAMINATED SEDIMENT ADITIVES Organic and inorganics Inorganic aditive Organic aditive

26. -- THE TREATMENT ON SEDIMENTS INCREASES TOC AND REDUCES EC. -- MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS HAS BEEN DETERMINED. -- PHYSICAL PARAMETERS COULD ALSO BE IMPROVED WITH THE TREATMENT. -- A POSIBLE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT HAS BEEN SHOWED IN PLANTS TEST 1)WE WILL ANALYSE HEAVY METAL CONTENT ON PLANTS 2)A MIXTURE COULD BE ESTABLISHED: TREATED SEDIMENT + VEGETAL RESIDUES (aeration, water holding capacity) VEGETAL RESIDUES (aeration, water holding capacity) 5) COMPOSTING PROCESS WITH SEDIMENTS COULD BE ASSAYED WHAT WE WILL DO NOW?? PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS

27. CEBAS WORKING GROUP THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION