1. Industrial Revolution
Changes brought about when power-driven machinery in factories replaced work done in homes

2. Traditional Village Farming
Unfenced private/public lands
most Europeans lived in small country villages and were farmers before the Industrial Revolution
wealthy landowners owned/controlled most of land
small families b/c of high infant death rate
Low life expectancy (40) - harsh life

3. Domestic System
1700’s demand for wool increased, so merchants hired workers to produce woolens in their homes
depended on network of workers (men, women & children)
This allowed people to have an income outside of farming
Extra money was spent on the goods artisans made

4. Beginning of Change
Enclosure Movement: allowed landowners to take over and fence off private and public lands
Ag. Revolution helps G.B. lead the Industrial Revolution
Successful farming businesses provided landowners with money to invest in growing industries
SO…THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN GREAT BRITAIN

5. Key Elements G.B. Possessed to lead Industrial Revolution
Capital - $ to invest in labor, machines & raw materials
Natural Resources - harbors, rivers, iron, coal
Large Labor Supply - improvements in farming increased food supply and population grew; people who didn’t farm came to cities
Entrepreneurs - risk takers who started new businesses and gave capital (mid & upper class)

6. Factory System
Mechanization - machines are developed to rapidly spin and weave (textiles) - 1st water powered, then steam powered
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin helped meet the demand for textiles
Factory system: method of production that brought workers & machines together under control of managers

7. Social Results Pollution Child labor Unsupervised children
Urbanization - growth of cities
Women working in factories
Increase in urban poverty
pollution

8. Lives Change and the Conditions of Factories
People who worked in factories now had more money, but it was a hard life working in factories
Because factories grew so quickly there were housing shortages, not enough police to protect, garbage college or sanitation
Hazardous conditions of factories:
Poor pay
Poor hours
Poor working conditions

9. Child Labor &
Urban Poverty

10. The Spread of the Industrial Rev
France, Germany and the US began to industrialize too
Mass production, interchangeable parts, division of labor, scientific management, assembly line  all aided in growth of industry

11. Social Effects Lead to Change
We now have two classes:
Middle class (factory owners, merchants)
Working class (factory workers)
Issue of Child Labor was a hot topic
Poor factory conditions led to the creation of labor unions
These unions worked to promote change worldwide in the 1800s

12. Governments eventually begin to make laws to protect workers

13. Some Inventors Watt - steam engine Bessemer - steel from iron
Whitney - cotton gin; interchangeable parts
Ford - assembly line methods - Model T
Morse - telegraph
Marconi - wireless telegraph
Bell - telephone
Edison - phonograph; incandescent lightbulbs
Diesel - oil-burning internal combustion engine
Wright Bros - airplane

14. IMAGES OF CHILD LABOR

15. When the industrial revolution first came to Britain and the U. S
When the industrial revolution first came to Britain and the U.S., there was a high demand for labor. Families quickly migrated from the rural farm areas to the newly industrialized cities to find work. Once they got there, things did not look as bright as they did.

16. To survive in even the lowest level of poverty, families had to have every able member of the family go to work. This led to the high rise in child labor in factories. Children were not treated well, overworked, and underpaid for a long time before anyone tried to change things for them.

17. Wages and Hours: Children as young as six years old during the industrial revolution worked hard hours for little or no pay. Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break. This was a little bit on the extreme, but it was not common for children who worked in factories to work hours with the same minimal breaks.

18. Not only were these children subject to long hours, but also, they were in horrible conditions. Large, heavy, and dangerous equipment was very common for children to be using or working near. Many accidents occurred injuring or killing children on the job. Not until the Factory Act of 1833 did things improve.

19. Treatment: The treatment of children in factories was often cruel and unusual, and the children's safety was generally neglected. The youngest children, who were not old enough to work the machines, were commonly sent to be assistants to textile workers. The people who the children served would beat them, verbally abuse them, and take no consideration for their safety.

20. Both boys and girls who worked in factories were subject to beatings and other harsh forms of pain infliction. One common punishment for being late or not working up to quota would be to be "weighted." An overseer would tie a heavy weight to worker's neck, and have them walk up and down the factory aisles so the other children could see them and "take example." This could last up to an hour.

21. Weighting could lead to serious injuries in the back and/or neck
Weighting could lead to serious injuries in the back and/or neck. Punishments such as this would often be dispensed under stringent rules. Boys were sometimes dragged naked from their beds and sent to the factories only holding their clothes, to be put on there. This was to make sure the boys would not be late, even by a few minutes.

22. In the time of the Industrial Revolution, the children of the families who moved to the crowded cities had their work situation go from bad to worse. In rural areas, children would have worked long hours with hard work for their families farms, but in the cities, the children worked longer hours with harder work for large companies. Harsher treatment, fewer rewards and more sickness and injury came from poorly regulated child labor.