1. Genetics Chapter 8

2. Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Genetics: study of heredity Heredity: passing traits from parent to offspring Used peas to study heredity

3. Why Peas? 1. Several Traits 2. Control mating 3. Small, grow easily, and matures quickly

4. Alleles: Different versions of a gene Ex: White and Purple Flowers

5. Mendel’s Experiment Monohybrid Cross: One pair of contrasting traits.  Ex: Mating a plant with purple flowers with white flowers True-breeding: All offspring would have only one form of the trait  Ex: Purple-flowering plant only has purple- flowered offspring

7. Mendel’s Experiments

8. Vocabulary Dominant: (A)  Expressed in appearance when the individual has one copy Recessive: (a)  Not noticeable in appearance when individual has one copy  Individual must have two copies of recessive allele to express the trait Homozygous: AA or aa Heterozygous: Aa

9. More Vocabulary Genotype: Genetic make up (ex: Pp) Phenotype: Physical Appearance (ex: Purple flowers)

10. Punnett Square-predicts outcome of a cross 1 pair of contrasting traits btwn 2 individuals

11. Ratios

12. Test Cross

13. Law of Segregation Alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed 50% chance that one allele will go into a gamete

14. Law of Independent Assortment Alleles of different genes separate independently of each other during meiosis

15. Dihybrid Cross: Cross that involve two traits