1. Macromolecules Organic Compounds
Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.
Macromolecules are large organic molecules.

2. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell.
Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements).
Usually with C, H, O or N.
Example: CH4(methane)

3. Macromolecules Large organic molecules Also called POLYMERS
Made up of smaller “building blocks” called monomers
4 kinds
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

4. Carbohydrates
simple sugar molecules assembled into large sugar molecules
Examples:
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

5. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: One sugar unit
Examples: glucose (C6H12O6)
deoxyribose
ribose
Fructose
Galactose
glucose

6. Carbohydrates Disaccharide: Two sugar units Examples:
Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
Lactose (glucose+galactose)
Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose

7. Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
cellulose

8. Lipids Compounds which are NOT soluble in water
Building blocks are fatty acids
Main function is energy storage
Examples
Fats (butter, lard, crisco)
Phospholipids (cell membrane)
Oils (olive oil, vegetable oil, peanut oil)
Waxes
Steroids

9. Lipids Main functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage
Need To
Know!!!
Lipids
Main functions of lipids:
1. Long term energy storage
--can be broken down for energy
2. Provide insulation
3. Forms protective coatings
--waxes (plant surfaces, duck feathers, beaver fur)
4. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

10. Proteins Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds
Also known as polypeptides
Only 20 AA and the order/way they are put together determine the protein
Building Blocks are amino acids
Functions of proteins:
Structure for tissues and organs
Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
Cellular Metabolism
Form hair, muscles, nails, horns, hooves, etc!!
Need To
Know!!!

11. Nucleic Acids Building Blocks are nucleotides Two types
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA-double helix
Ribonucleic acid
RNA-single strand
Stores all genetic info, instructions for making proteins, main energy molecule for cells (ATP)

12. Nucleic Acids Nucleotides are made of phosphate sugar nitrogen base
adenine (A)
thymine (T)
uracil (U)
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)