1. Coastal monitoring and forecasting systems in Finland by FIMR Pekka Alenius Leading scientist Finnish Institute of Marine Research POL Workshop Mallorca 22.-24.10.2007

2. Authorities that do coastal observations in Finland In Finland there are several authorities doing coastal observations. Among these are -Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) -Finnish Environment Institute (FEI) -Regional Environment Centres (13 of which 6 at coasts) -Environment centres of big cities This presentation concentrates on the activities of FIMR which is the main Finnish actor in (open) sea monitoring.

3. Observation and forecasting activities of FIMR -Sea level -Surface waves -Ice -Hydrography (T & S) -Cyano-bacterial biomass -Nutrients -Ecosystem http://www.fimr.fi/en.html

4. Sea level observations -FIMR has 13 sea level stations -Oldest in Hanko since 1887 -In Helsinki since 1904 -Youngest in Rauma since 1933 -Observation interval 1 minute -Real-time data transfer to FIMR -Temperature is measured, too -See http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/ itamerinyt/en_GB/vedenkorkeus/

5. Sea level forecasts -Three models (old, Wetehinen, OAAS) -Meteorological input from HIRLAM (54 h forecasts and ECMWF up to 10 day forecasts) -Two different boundary conditions in the Danish Straits -Each model is run four times a day (every 6 hours) -Software for estimating the forecast from ensemble of model results -Manmade forecasts are done if ordered by customers

6. Example of the sea level forecast screen

7. Surface waves Observations at Northern Baltic Proper (1) and near Helsinki (2) Wave height Map of the Baltic Sea 1.Northern Baltic Proper 59°15 N 21°00 E Significant wave height: 0.7 m Highest individual wave: 1.3 m Sea surface temperature: 11.3 °C 22.10.2007 at 18:00 UTC See: http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aallonkorkeus/

8. Wave forecasts http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aallonkorkeus/ http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aaltoennuste/

9. Ice in the Baltic Sea

10. What ice means to Finland The Baltic Sea ice seasons in 3 severity classes: Mild season: All Finnish harbours are icebound Average season: Ice from the north lat. of Stockholm Severe season: Baltic Sea is almost or totally frozen Ice for 6-7 months 3 weeks 3-4 months

11. Finnish Ice Service -Observations -Remote sensing algorithm development -Forecasts -Serves winter navigation in close cooperation with Finnish Board of Navigation

12. Finnish PolarView products -SAR based ice thickness charts -spatial resolution 500x500 m -End users; shipping -30 minutes after the SAR image is downloaded -On the average 160 charts in an ice season

13. Ice forecasts page http://haavi.fimr.fi/polarview/forecast.php -Ice motion and concentration -Mean ice thickness -Ridged ice thickness -Ridged ice concentration -Compressive region -Deformed ice fraction -Area FROM -Northern Baltic Sea -Bay of Bothnia -Gulf of Finland

14. Alg@lineAlg@line - Operational Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Alg@line monitors the fluctuations in the Baltic Sea ecosystem in real-time using several approaches: -research vessels -high-frequency automated sampling onboard several merchant ships -satellite imagery -buoy recordings -traditional sampling in coastal waters Without the high-frequent observations with the ship-of-opportunity technique, the rapid fluctuations in the Baltic Sea ecosystem could not be monitored

15. What Alg@line is http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/levatiedotus/en_GB/levatiedotus/Alg@line -Alg@line is the only research project in the Baltic Sea region, which utilizes the ship-of-opportunity technique in the monitoring of the state of the environment on this scale. Alg@line has analyzers and sample collectors on five ships. -The information based on the unattended recordings on the ships is available to anyone on Internet at Baltic Sea Portal and on Internet pages of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research at Baltic Sea Now -Monitoring research of Alg@line is on the highest level of its field. This has been made possible through unique cooperation with Finnish and foreign research institutes and scientific communities.

16. Alg@lineAlg@line SOOP measurements and routes Equipment onboard: - flow through fluorometer - thermosalinograph - GPS navigator - computer - refridgerated water sampler Parameters onboard: - latitude, longitude, date, time - in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence - temperature,salinity On laboratory: - chlorophyll a - phytoplankton species composition and relative abundances - phosphate and total phosphorus - ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen - silicate - partly turbidity

17. Alg@lineAlg@line example: Finnmaid 17 - 18 October 2007 -SST (red) and SSS (blue) -Chl-a along the route of the ferry Finnmaid (Travemünde - Helsinki).

18. BalEco - A range of brackish water ecosystem models -BalEco is a suite of ecological models -for the description of brackish water ecosystems, -with the Baltic Sea especially in mind. -Brackish waters are demanding biological environments, and require a special treatment to capture the salinity adaptation of marine and freshwater organisms.

19. BalEco1 -BalEco1, the first level model, is embedded in a prototype for a scientific forecasting system of the Baltic Sea. -The system builds on well-established, scientifically validated models and boundary conditions where available -Combines them with observation-derived state estimates to arrive at routine short-term forecasts of the Baltic Sea state. -The short-term forecasts are used for model validation purposes and ecosystem predictability studies.

20. Ecosystem model forecasts - Temperature, salinity, cyanobacterial biomass

21. Bluegreen algae prognosis -Is done annually after winter monitoring cruise -joint effort of FIMR and FEI -published eg. in Alg@line pagesAlg@line

22. Monitoring cruises by rv Aranda -four annual monitoring cruises to the Baltic Sea -chemical monitoring in January -zoobenthos and oxygen in May-June -cyanobacterial blooms/biology in August -chemical monitoring in December -other scientific cruises in between Aranda in the web: http://www.fimr.fi/en/aranda.html

23. Example of usefulness of monitoring cruises American comb jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi) -The sudden spreading in the northern Baltic Sea has surprised nearly everyone. -the population density was as high as 600 individuals per square metre. -was found to be extremely adaptable It can reproduce in the northern Baltic Sea in colder conditions than previously observed.

24. FIMR-BMP

25. Choose data

26. Access to products

27. Algaline page

28. PolarView page