1. METADATA VALUE SPACE Almost all metadata standards require or recommend the use of controlled vocabularies for some elements.

2. Revisiting Dublin Core ContentIntellectual PropertyInstantiation CoverageContributorDate DescriptionCreatorFormat TypePublisherIdentifier RelationRightsLanguage Source Subject Title Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary …

3. Metadata Value Space and Controlled Vocabularies  Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary: 1) Standardized vocabularies 2) Name authority control 3) Controlled terms

4. -- from Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 Recommendations from best practices -- Value encoding schemes

5. Value space that should apply Syntax encoding schemes Examples from values associated with DATA element  1979  2000-03  2000-03-01  2001-01-02T21:48.00Z  200003  C1999, 2000  January, 1919  May, 1919  1987, c2000  ?1999  1952 (issued)  (1982)  1930?]  1823-1845  Between 1680 and 1896?

6. Value space that should apply controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes Examples from values associated with LANGUAGE element  en  eng  en-GB  en-US  English  engfre  new  Korean  Deutsch  German LOCLANGUAGE:: German

7. Value space that should apply controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes Examples: values associated with FORMAT element found in the research samples :  text  text/html  text/plain  plain  digital TIFF  image/tiff  other http://......../../../postscript.pdf  application/msword  application/Flash (animation)  ascii http:// ….../../../sample.txt  pdf http:// ….../../../sample.pdf  ps http:// ….../../../sample.ps  3.6 megabytes  1000149 bytes  language/java  Application/JAVA applet  Java  CLASS  Model/VRML  AVI, MOV, QTM  1 v. (various pagings)  10 p., [6] p. of plates  p.461-470  viii, 82 p.  MPEG-4

8. 1) Standardized vocabularies  Resource Type (DC) http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/  Language (ISO) http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/iso639a.html http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/iso639a.html  Countries (ISO) http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/country3166.html  Geographical names (Getty) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/

9. b) Name authority control  The Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabu lary/ulan/ http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabu lary/ulan/  LC Name Authority file  VIAF (a hub of many) http://viaf.org/ http://viaf.org/  Local name authority files (Create your own)

10. c) Controlled vocabularies  Controlled subject terms  LC Subject Headings http://authorities.loc.gov/ http://authorities.loc.gov/  (LCSH available as Linked Data): http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ http://id.loc.gov/authorities/  Art and Architecture Thesaurus http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/  (and many thesauri and subject headings lists) http://www.metadataetc.org/book- website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm http://www.metadataetc.org/book- website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm

11. Create your controlled lists  Compile a list of suggested terms  based on dictionaries E.g., for object titles (Because objects usually do not bear title information.) Example: fashion items fashion items  Extract from available controlled vocabularies e.g., a set of terms for ‘postcard materials’ from AAT  “Folk” controlled lists e.g., GEM Controlled Vocabularies for Audience | Format | Grade | Language | Pedagogy | Relation | Resource Type | Subject

12. How to construct controlled lists The defining characteristics of a list is that: the terms 1. are all members of the same set or class of items (e.g., content type, language); 2. are not overlapping in meaning; and 3. are equal in terms of specificity or granularity (e.g., a geographic areas list does not mix continents with country or state names).

13. Example from LOM (Learning Object metadata) 5.2 Learning Resource Type Explanation: Specific kind of learning object. The most dominant kind shall be first. NOTE: --The vocabulary terms are defined as in the OED:1989 and as used by educational communities of practice. Value Space: ordered exercise simulation questionnaire diagram figure graph index slide table narrative text exam experiment problem statement self assessment lecture Using Controlled Vocabularies in Metadata Records

14. Source: The J. Paul Getty Museum's implementation of The Museum System software by Gallery Systems Build-in a pick list for creating metadata records

15. pick list link to lists controlled values 2 1 3

16. IBM Website, embedded metadata

17. In-Class Exercise  Make decisions about value spaces for your metadata project.  Point to value standards  Create at least one pre-defined term list