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METADATA VALUE SPACE Almost all metadata standards require or recommend the use of controlled vocabularies for some elements.
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Revisiting Dublin Core ContentIntellectual PropertyInstantiation CoverageContributorDate DescriptionCreatorFormat TypePublisherIdentifier RelationRightsLanguage Source Subject Title Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary …
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Metadata Value Space and Controlled Vocabularies Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary: 1) Standardized vocabularies 2) Name authority control 3) Controlled terms
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-- from Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 Recommendations from best practices -- Value encoding schemes
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Value space that should apply Syntax encoding schemes Examples from values associated with DATA element 1979 2000-03 2000-03-01 2001-01-02T21:48.00Z 200003 C1999, 2000 January, 1919 May, 1919 1987, c2000 ?1999 1952 (issued) (1982) 1930?] 1823-1845 Between 1680 and 1896?
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Value space that should apply controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes Examples from values associated with LANGUAGE element en eng en-GB en-US English engfre new Korean Deutsch German LOCLANGUAGE:: German
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Value space that should apply controlled vocabularies / value encoding schemes Examples: values associated with FORMAT element found in the research samples : text text/html text/plain plain digital TIFF image/tiff other http://......../../../postscript.pdf application/msword application/Flash (animation) ascii http:// ….../../../sample.txt pdf http:// ….../../../sample.pdf ps http:// ….../../../sample.ps 3.6 megabytes 1000149 bytes language/java Application/JAVA applet Java CLASS Model/VRML AVI, MOV, QTM 1 v. (various pagings) 10 p., [6] p. of plates p.461-470 viii, 82 p. MPEG-4
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1) Standardized vocabularies Resource Type (DC) http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/ Language (ISO) http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/iso639a.html http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/iso639a.html Countries (ISO) http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/country3166.html Geographical names (Getty) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/
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b) Name authority control The Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabu lary/ulan/ http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabu lary/ulan/ LC Name Authority file VIAF (a hub of many) http://viaf.org/ http://viaf.org/ Local name authority files (Create your own)
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c) Controlled vocabularies Controlled subject terms LC Subject Headings http://authorities.loc.gov/ http://authorities.loc.gov/ (LCSH available as Linked Data): http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ Art and Architecture Thesaurus http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ (and many thesauri and subject headings lists) http://www.metadataetc.org/book- website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm http://www.metadataetc.org/book- website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm
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Create your controlled lists Compile a list of suggested terms based on dictionaries E.g., for object titles (Because objects usually do not bear title information.) Example: fashion items fashion items Extract from available controlled vocabularies e.g., a set of terms for ‘postcard materials’ from AAT “Folk” controlled lists e.g., GEM Controlled Vocabularies for Audience | Format | Grade | Language | Pedagogy | Relation | Resource Type | Subject
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How to construct controlled lists The defining characteristics of a list is that: the terms 1. are all members of the same set or class of items (e.g., content type, language); 2. are not overlapping in meaning; and 3. are equal in terms of specificity or granularity (e.g., a geographic areas list does not mix continents with country or state names).
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Example from LOM (Learning Object metadata) 5.2 Learning Resource Type Explanation: Specific kind of learning object. The most dominant kind shall be first. NOTE: --The vocabulary terms are defined as in the OED:1989 and as used by educational communities of practice. Value Space: ordered exercise simulation questionnaire diagram figure graph index slide table narrative text exam experiment problem statement self assessment lecture Using Controlled Vocabularies in Metadata Records
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Source: The J. Paul Getty Museum's implementation of The Museum System software by Gallery Systems Build-in a pick list for creating metadata records
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pick list link to lists controlled values 2 1 3
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IBM Website, embedded metadata
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In-Class Exercise Make decisions about value spaces for your metadata project. Point to value standards Create at least one pre-defined term list
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