1. ANCIENT INDIA
Section 5: Indian Achievements

2. BIG IDEA
The people of ancient India made great contributions to the arts and sciences.

3. SECTION 5: INDIAN ACHIEVEMENTS .

4. Indian artists created great works of religious art.
MAIN IDEA
Indian artists created great works of religious art.

5. RELIGIOUS ART

6. Both the Mauryan and Guptan empires unified India and created a stable environment where artists, writers, scholars, and scientists could thrive.

7. Their works are still admired today
Their works are still admired today. Much of the Indian art from this period was religious, inspired by both Hindu and Buddhist teachings.

9. Many beautiful temples were built during this time and decorated with
elaborate wood and stone
carvings.

10. HINDU TEMPLES - They had huge towers…...
This one is in
California
and were covered with carvings of the god worshipped inside.

11. http://bldgblog. blogspot. com/2009/11/of-rock-tombs-cave-temples-and

13. Buddhist temples were equally as impressive.
STUPA

14. Many of them were covered with detailed carvings.
They were built to house sacred item from the life of the Buddha.
Many of them were covered with detailed carvings.

15. Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides.
The most famous is at Ajanta. It’s builders filled the caves with beautiful
wall paintings and sculpture.

16. Ajanta

17. WALL PAINTINGS

18. SCULPTURE AT AJUNTA

20. Inside - unfinished rooms at Ajunta

21. Other examples of temples carved out of mountainsides.

22. The World’s First Granite Temple - the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just
five years, (between
1004AD and 1009 AD).

23. Many of the finest paints of ancient India are found in their temples….

24. Hindu painters drew hundreds of gods on temple
walls and entrances.

25. Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from the life of the Buddha.

26. How did religion influence ancient Indian art? (SUMMARIZING)
READING CHECK
How did religion influence ancient Indian art? (SUMMARIZING)

27. Sanskrit literature flourished during the Gupta period.
MAIN IDEA
Sanskrit literature flourished during the Gupta period.

28. SANSKRIT LITERATURE

29. Great works of literature were written in Sanskrit, the ancient Aryan language, during the Gupta Dynasty.

30. The best-known works are two religious epics called the Mahabharta (muh-HAH-BAH-
ruh-tuh) and the
Ramayana (Rah-
MAH-yuh-nuh).

31. 1st Epic
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature, 100,000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits this down to about 88,000), making it eight times as long as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey together, and over 3 times as long as the Bible.

32. The name Mahabharata is sometimes referred to as “the great story of India.”
It is a story about the struggle between two families for control of a kingdom - it is divided into 18 books (concerning an 18-day war among 18 armies).

34. The most famous passage- in the Mahabharata - is call the Bhagavad Gita (BUGuhvuhd-GEE-tah).

35. 2nd
Epic
The Ramayana is the story of the Prince Rama, a human incarnation of one of the three major Hindu gods, Vishnu. He became human to rid the world of demons.

36. He also had to rescue his wife,
a princess named Sita.

37. For centuries, the characters of THE RAMAYANA, have been seen as models for how Indians should behave.
Rama is seen as the ideal ruler, and his relationship with Sita as the ideal marriage.

38. READING CHECK
What types of literature did writer of ancient India create? (CATEGORIZING)

39. MAIN IDEA
The Indians made scientific advances in metal working, medicine, and other sciences.

40. SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES

41. Scientific and scholarly work also blossomed during the early Indian empires.

42. development of metallurgy,
Most prominent was the
development of metallurgy,

43. The science of working with metals
Metallurgy
The science of working with metals

44. They also invented processes for creating alloys
They also invented processes for creating alloys. Alloys, such as steel or bronze, may be stronger or more useful than pure metals like iron or copper.

45. A mixture of two or more metals
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals

46. Indian technicians and engineers made stronger tools and weapons.
Indian iron was hard and pure making it a valuable trade item.

47. Iron Pillar near Delhi
Unlike most iron, which rusts easily, this pillar is VERY resistant to rust. The tall column still attracts crowds of visitor to lean the Indian’s secrets.

48. The numbers we use today, called HinduArabic numerals, were first developed by Indian mathematicians.

49. Hindu-Arabic Numerals,
The number system we use today; it was created by Indian scholars during the Gupta Dynasty

50. They also created the concept of zero, upon which all modern math is based.

51. In medicine, Indians developed the technique of inoculation,
Other sciences also benefited from the period of Indian history.
In medicine, Indians developed the technique of inoculation,

52. Inoculation
Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help build up defenses to a disease

53. Doctors could even perform certain surgeries.

54. India’s fascination with astronomy, also lead to the discovery of seven of the planets in our solar system.

55. The study of stars and planets
Astronomy
The study of stars and planets

56. Other “COOL” things India is know for……….

57. Chess was invented in India.

58. Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.

59. The ‘Place Value System’ and the ‘Decimal System’ were developed in India in 100 B.C.

60. The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by a 13th century Indian poet. It was originally called ‘Mokshapat’. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.

61. The world’s highest cricket ground, built in 1893, is in India
The world’s highest cricket ground, built in 1893, is in India. It was made after leveling a hilltop.

62. The largest employer in India is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.

64. The world’s first university was established in 700 BC. in India
The world’s first university was established in 700 BC. in India. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects here.

65. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India.

66. What were two Indian achievements in mathematics?
READING CHECK
What were two Indian achievements in mathematics?
(FINDING MAIN IDEAS)

67. SUMMARY:
From a group of cities on the Indus River, India grew into a major empire whose people made great achievements.