1. FL #14 Immune System 10BC

2. Antigen- binding sites Antigen Antibody Section 40- 2 Figure 40–8 Structure of an Antibody bacterium The bacterium is an antigen

3. An infectious disease is caused by  Pathogens  Bacteria, viruses, & fungi (germs).

4. Antibodies-protein that helps destroy pathogens  Has 2 antigen binding sites  Pathogen invades body  Antigens on pathogen recognized by some B cells

5. Specific Defenses  A. Humoral immunity-  Immunity against pathogens in the body fluids (blood & lymph)  1-B cells (WBC) lymphocyte-produce antibodies

6. Antigen/antibodies  2- Activated B cells grow and divide rapidly (a million)  3-Produce specialized B cells- plasma cells (T cells help with this also)  4-Plasma cells-release antibodies into the blood to attack the pathogen causing infection

7. A person who receives a vaccine for the flu- influenza  Is able to produce antibodies against the flu

8. When a person receives a vaccine(shot) their body  create plasma cells (B cells) that can produce antibodies against a specific pathogen. (flu, polio, hepatitis)

9. Function of Antibodies:  Attach to antigens and attract phagocytes which engulf (eat) the antigens

10.  phagocytes-engulf & destroy bacteria –most WBC are this type “phag”=eat, “cytes”=cell

11. Inflammatory Response  Pathogens detected  Millions of WBC’s produced to fight infection  Blood test reveals increase in WBC’s-body is dealing w/ a serious infection  Immune system releases chemicals that increase core temperature

12. FEVER- INCREASED body temp  Many pathogens survive in a narrow temp. range  Elevated temp:1) slows down or stops growth of pathogens  2) increase heart rate, WBC’s get to infection quicker  3)Speeds activities of WBC’s & rate of chemical reactions that repair damaged tissues

13. 1. (10b) Humoral immunity is carried out by A.Killer T Cells B.Lymphocytes C.Antibodies D.macrophages

14. 2. (10b) In the figure below the red bacterium represents a A.Antigen or pathogen B.Antibody C.Killer T Cell D.Antigen binding site E

15. 3. (10b) Which of the following is the function of antibodies in the immune response? A.Antibodies produce antibiotics. B.Antibodies attach to antigens and attract phagocytes which engulf & destroy the antigen. C.Antibodies produce interferon.

16. 4. (10c) When a person receives a vaccine, his or her body creates a memory that A.Receives antibodies against a specific pathogen B.Creates plasma cells that can produce antibodies against that specific pathogen. C.Has polio antibodies in the blood D.Has antipolio killer T cells in blood

17. A. Preventing Viruses from replicating D. Growing green mold that stops bacterial growth B. Killing infected cells C. Helping leucocytes identify pathogens 5. 10B Antibodies fight infections by