1. Instructor: Dr. Richard Ward
BPK 303
Kinanthropometry
Spring 2014
Instructor: Dr. Richard Ward

2. Kinanthropometry
The quantification of Body Size, Shape, Proportion and Composition to describe or explain Function, Growth, Maturation and Performance.
Defined by William D. (Bill) Ross in the 1970’s to to bring together scientists who appeared to be working in quite disparate areas but whose studies had tremendous relevance to each other.

3. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry
(ISAK) website home page

4. Simple but expensive equipment
Anthropometry
Simple but expensive equipment
Anthropometer $1400
Harpenden Skinfold Caliper > $200

5. Inexpensive Alternatives
Anthropometry
Inexpensive Alternatives
Woodworkers Tape with Pencil Holder
$16
Slim Guide Skinfold Caliper
$35

6. Anthropometric Conventions
Standardized Techniques
Anthropometric Conventions
I.S.A.K. - International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry
I.B.P. - Internationl Biological Programme
In House Standardization
Do not trust the name of the measurement
Check the original description

7. Anthropometry Standardized techniques valid reliable calibration
measurement error
objectivity

8. Which Variables to Measure?
Comprehensive
Do not reduce the number of measures just to save time
Specific
Tailor the data collection to the hypothesis

9. Landmarking Reference to bone landmarks
Skin moves relative to the bone so that the pose of the subject is important
Horizontal lines
Not crosses or dots

10. Professional Approach
Informed Consent
Training increases validity & confidence
Honour subject’s personal space
Take adequate measures to minimize error
Recorder
Data Sheet
Data Transmission
Legible Recording

11. Lab Reports 2 Lab Reports Lab Report 1 10% Lab Report 2 20%
Calculation and interpretation from individual and group data
Must be written in required format

12. Lab Report Format
Title Page: Must include an overall title for the lab, your name, student number, Troika ID and date of submission on a separate first page.
Each lab report will have more than one data analysis and interpretation task. Each component should be written up with the format shown below.
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Appendix
Put a separate relevant title at the top of each introduction page.

13. Methods Measurements Described if not referenced Subjects
Who and how many?
Computer analysis
What was done to the data
Described in enough detail that someone could replicate your study

14. Results
Report the results without discussion. It is not enough just to include figures, you must describe the results.
No need to justify form of analysis – this was done in the Methods section.
Use tables and/or charts to illustrate the results.
Do not repeat the same information in both a chart and a table – Space is at a premium.
Do not repeat all of a table in the text.

15. Components of the Results Section
Always start with a table describing the sample.
Include Means, Standard Deviations and sample sizes (Standard Errors of Means not necessary).
Statistical analysis can often be indicated on this table.
Then follow with tables or figures to illustrate the hypothesis testing

16. Tables Tables should be able to stand alone.
Table captions must give enough detail to stand alone. Not just:
Sample Descriptives
If variable name abbreviations are used, the full name must be in a table footnote, or the table caption.

17. Tables
It is unnecessary and distracting to report digits if they have little scientific relevance.
Your device can measure blood pressure to within 0.01 mmHg and your sample mean is mmHg. How do you report the sample mean?
As , as 115.7, or as 116 mmHg?
Does a resolution smaller than 1 mmHg really matter?
In contrast, a resolution to units is essential for variables like pH or body density.

18. Density converted to % Body Fat using Siri Equation % Body Fat = ((4
Density converted to % Body Fat using Siri Equation % Body Fat = ((4.95/Density)-4.5)*100
Density gm/ml
%Body Fat
1.030
30.6
1.035
28.3
1.040
26.0
1.045
23.7
1.050
21.4
1.055
19.2
1.060
17.0
1.065
14.8
1.070
12.6
1.075
10.5
1.080
8.3
1.085
6.2

19. Means and Standard Deviations of Skinfold-adjusted Arm Girth and Maximum Right Hand Grip Strength in Male (N=20) and Female (N=23) University Students
Sex
Mean
S.D.
Sig
Skinfold-adjusted Arm Girth
Male
25.8
2.0 *
Female
21.4
1.5
Maximum Right Hand Grip Strength
52.3
7.8
35.3
6.9
* sig. diff. between male and female means, independent t-test d.f.=41, p<0.05
Often no need to report statistical results in a table, just include description in the text:
In a two-way Analysis of Variance with VO2max as the dependent variable, both Age Group and Sex were found to be statistically significant factors (P<0.05)

20. Charts
Charts should be able to stand alone. Captions should provide enough detail.
Do not refer to abbreviations only found in text. Either provide key in caption or footnote to table.
Do not bunch up data in one corner of chart.
Usually Black and white only. Distinguish different data points for group using different shapes. You may use colour for your lab reports.

21. Figure should be able to stand alone with it’s caption.
Figure 1: Plot of maximum grip strength versus skinfold-adjusted Forearm girth, showing correlation coefficients between variables for men (♂) and women (♀) separately and men and women combined (♂+ ♀)
Figure should be able to stand alone with it’s caption.

22. Discussion
Explanation of the meaning of the results with reference to at least two refereed journal articles that support your conclusions.
Include a critique of the data collection and analysis.

23. Reference Format Journal of the American Medical Association
Armellini F, Zamboni M, Frigo L, et al. Alcohol consumption, smoking habits and body fat distribution in italian men and women aged years. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993;47(1):52-60.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Armellini F, Zamboni M, Frigo L, Mandragona R, Robbi R, Micciolo R, Bosello O Alcohol consumption, smoking habits and body fat distribution in italian men and women aged years. Eur J Clin Nutr 47(1):52-60.