1. Science Data Dump Versus Scientific Story

2. I. States a topic without a motive II. Describes method and/or data but doesn’t explain relevance, build forward, or connect successive ideas III. Lists results and gives interpretations, but doesn’t show a progression of thought or relate back to the main point IV. Conclusions stated but sound redundant (not reiterative), haven’t been well developed, or not memorable I. States a topic without a motive II. Describes method and/or data but doesn’t explain relevance, build forward, or connect successive ideas III. Lists results and gives interpretations, but doesn’t show a progression of thought or relate back to the main point IV. Conclusions stated but sound redundant (not reiterative), haven’t been well developed, or not memorable Science Data Dump

3. Gravity from the Nu’uanu Park to Kailua GG304 Lab, Garrett Ito

4. Outline I. Introduction II. Data and analysis III. Modeling IV. Conclusions I. Introduction II. Data and analysis III. Modeling IV. Conclusions (No real information about whats to come)

5. I. Introduction Gravity varies over the earth due to variations in mass Rocks of different types have different densities Gravity is measured in mGal or 1 millionth of a G-force Gravity measurements over the Pali will reflect variations in elevation & density Gravity varies over the earth due to variations in mass Rocks of different types have different densities Gravity is measured in mGal or 1 millionth of a G-force Gravity measurements over the Pali will reflect variations in elevation & density (list of poorly connected facts)

6. II. Data & Data Analysis

7. (so what?!)

8. III. Modeling 7 km 20 km

9. III. Modeling High density block Bouguer (topography-corrected)

10. Conclusions I. Gravity decreases with elevation and increases with density II. Bouguer gravity anomaly is corrected for predictable topographic effects III. We can model gravity by considering simple solutions of different geometric shapes. IV. A large dense crustal body exists beneath Kauilua. In fact its about as large as Kilaeua’s magma chamber I. Gravity decreases with elevation and increases with density II. Bouguer gravity anomaly is corrected for predictable topographic effects III. We can model gravity by considering simple solutions of different geometric shapes. IV. A large dense crustal body exists beneath Kauilua. In fact its about as large as Kilaeua’s magma chamber

11. I. Defines a question, problem, or hypothesis and tells why its important. II. Method and/or data is relevant, ideas connect successively and build forward III. Results and interpretations, show a logical progression of thought or relate back to the main point. Also, shortcomings are acknowledged. IV. Conclusions reiterate key points, have been well developed, AND are memorable I. Defines a question, problem, or hypothesis and tells why its important. II. Method and/or data is relevant, ideas connect successively and build forward III. Results and interpretations, show a logical progression of thought or relate back to the main point. Also, shortcomings are acknowledged. IV. Conclusions reiterate key points, have been well developed, AND are memorable Scientific Journey or Story

12. Searching for the Koolau Magma Chamber With a Gravity Transect Over the Pali Highway to Kailua GG304 Lab, Garrett Ito Gravity reveals, otherwise hidden, deep heterogeneity Intrusive rocks near- & off-shore Kailua are evidence for ancient Koolau magma chamber Magma chamber marks the center of the volcano and its size reflects processes of magma plumbing & storage in Hawaiian shields Gravity reveals, otherwise hidden, deep heterogeneity Intrusive rocks near- & off-shore Kailua are evidence for ancient Koolau magma chamber Magma chamber marks the center of the volcano and its size reflects processes of magma plumbing & storage in Hawaiian shields

13. Objective: Locate and constrain size and density of Koolau intrusive complex I. Data: Measure gravity from Nu’uanu Park to Kailua Beach II. Data Analysis: Remove topographic effects to isolate subsurface III. Modeling: Quantify size of density anomaly that can fit topography-corrected gravity IV. Interpretations of intrusive complex size I. Data: Measure gravity from Nu’uanu Park to Kailua Beach II. Data Analysis: Remove topographic effects to isolate subsurface III. Modeling: Quantify size of density anomaly that can fit topography-corrected gravity IV. Interpretations of intrusive complex size

14. II. Correct for topography to isolate signal from subsurface Nuuanu Park Greater distance from Earth Smaller gravitational pull

15. II. Correct for topography to isolate signal from subsurface Nuuanu Park Increases gravitational pull Mass of Pali Greater distance from Earth Smaller gravitational pull Isolated pull from subsurface

16. III. Forward modeling to determine location and size of crustal density anomaly High density block Bouguer (topography-corrected)

17. IV. Interpretation: frozen magma chamber > 7 km Tens of km -Off-shore distance not well constrained & requires off-shore data -Given 2D approximation, 7 km is minimum thickness. Much thicker than Kilauea’s active magma chamber but comparable to total thickness of frozen intrusives. -Given 2D approximation, 7 km is minimum thickness. Much thicker than Kilauea’s active magma chamber but comparable to total thickness of frozen intrusives. -Perhaps hot/active chamber is only the thin shallowest part, over a taller column of intrusive rocks [Kauahikaua, 2000]? -Does shield size or height relate to magma chamber size? -Perhaps hot/active chamber is only the thin shallowest part, over a taller column of intrusive rocks [Kauahikaua, 2000]? -Does shield size or height relate to magma chamber size?

18. Searching for the Koolau Magma Chamber With a Gravity Transect Over the Pali Highway to Kailua GG304 Pali-Kailua survey reveals an increase in Bouguer gravity toward Kailua by 60-70 mGal This is explained by a dense (2950-3050 kg/m 3 ) rock at least 7 km in thickness with southern edge starting in Kailua Koolau intrusive complex extends deep, comparable to total intrusive thickness beneath Kilauea Caldera GG304 Pali-Kailua survey reveals an increase in Bouguer gravity toward Kailua by 60-70 mGal This is explained by a dense (2950-3050 kg/m 3 ) rock at least 7 km in thickness with southern edge starting in Kailua Koolau intrusive complex extends deep, comparable to total intrusive thickness beneath Kilauea Caldera

19. I. Defines a question, problem, or hypothesis and tells why its important. II. Method and/or data is relevant, ideas connect successively and build forward III. Results and interpretations, show a logical progression of thought or relate back to the main point. Also, shortcomings are acknowledged. IV. Conclusions reiterate key points, have been well developed, AND are memorable I. Defines a question, problem, or hypothesis and tells why its important. II. Method and/or data is relevant, ideas connect successively and build forward III. Results and interpretations, show a logical progression of thought or relate back to the main point. Also, shortcomings are acknowledged. IV. Conclusions reiterate key points, have been well developed, AND are memorable Scientific Journey or Story