2. 8 下 Unit 1 Past and present The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时 Grammar

3. Learning aims: 1. Master the structure and basic usage of present perfect tense (PPT). （掌握现在完成时的用法、基本结构。） 2. Master the rules of forming the past participle of verbs. （掌握动词的过去分词变化规则。） 3. Master some time expressions usually used in present perfect tense ( PPT). （掌握常用在现在完成时里的时间表达方式。）

4. I wrote some words on the blackboard just now. There are some words on the blackboard now. I have written some words on the blackboard already. ( 现在完成时 ) Task1. 现在完成时的主要用法

5. 现在完成时的用法 ( 一 ) 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 wrote some words on the Bb The words are on the Bb Now Past

6. 现在完成时的用法 ( 二 ) I have been a teacher since I left my college( 大学 ). I became a teacher. I am still a teacher. Now Past Future 2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在或将来的动作或状态。 I have been a teacher for 12 years.

7. 3. 表示某事直到现在发生了多少次. 现在完成时用法 ( 三 ) I have watched the TV show many times.

8. I have written some words on the Bb already. Task2 (1) 现在完成时结构： I have been a teacher since I left my college( 大学 ). Discussion: What new structure can you find in these sentences? I have been a teacher for 12 years. I have watched the TV show many times. —————————— ———————— ——————— __________________ v 过去分词 have / has +

9. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this: I / You/ We / They opened the door. He / She / It have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t Task2 现在完成时否定和一般疑问句。 have has not

10. Let’s practise not change a lot the students The students haven’t changed a lot.

11. We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this: I / you/ we / they opened the door? he / she / it I / you/ we / they he / she / it I / you/ we / they he / she / it Have Has Yes, No, have. has. haven ’ t. hasn ’ t.

12. carry the heavy boxes carried the heavy boxes A: Have they …? B: Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. Let’s practise

13. stop a taxi stopped a taxi A: Has she …? B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. Let’s practise

14. 1.He has opened the door. 2.The students haven’t changed a lot. 3.Have they carried the heavy boxes? 4.Has she stopped a taxi? 过去分词（ P.P. ）

15. Most verbs open → opened Verbs ending in -e change → changed Verbs ending in a consonant + y carry → carried Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant stop → stopped +ed +d -y +ied double the consonant +ed

16. No change come → come hurt → hurt Change the vowel hold → held win → won Change the consonant lend → lent build → built Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch → caught keep → kept forget → forgotten tell → told Others be → been have → had fall → fallen fly → flown draw → drawn see → seen 见课本第 122.123 页 。

17. The following shows more examples of the past participles of some verbs. visit repair live move try study fit plan visited repaired lived moved tried studied fitted planned hit put meet make sell give write think hit put metmet made sold given written thought

18. Let me test your memory ! 写出下列动词的过去分词 live finish try plan hit meet put catch stop

19. 用现在完成时完成下列句子： (p 14) 1.They ______________(finish) their homework already.already. 2. John _______ never _______ (visit) China. 3. Mr Li ______________(repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.since 4. We ________________(not see) each other for years. 5. My parents ______________(not come) back yet. 6. Our teacher _____________(teach) us a lot about the history of China recently( 最近，进来 ). have finished has visited has repaired haven’t seen haven’t come has taught Task4 : 现在完成时的时间状语

20. 1. He has _________ visited many places in China. 2. The train hasn’t arrived _________. 3. Has she arrived _________ ? 4. Hasn’t he come back_________ ? 上一页下一页 Tips ★ already 是 “ 已经 ” 之意，用在 ________ 中。 yet 用在 _______________ 中，在否定句中有 “ 还 ” 之意。 already yet 肯定句 疑问句和否定句

21. for: +_________ for a year, for two weeks, for three years... Since+ ________________, since last week, since 2008… ____________, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago…, ___________________________ ： since you came ， since he moved here, since I was born… Tips 一段时间 过去的某一时刻 一段时间 +ago 一般过去时态的时间状语从句

22. Let ’ try! 用 since 或 for 填空： 1.I have been at this school ____________ more than two years. 2. She has worked in the factory ___________ ten years ago. 3. Mr. Green has lived in the city ____________ he was born. 4. His father has been a party member ___________ twenty years. 5.She has learned English ________ 1999. for since

23. Key words yet ever never since for just already recently Have

24. 1 2 3 4 5 Task5: 巩固练习

25. 1. I’ve already had dinner. ( 否 ) I ________ _____ dinner _____. 2. They have done their homework. ( 疑 ) _____ they _____their homework? haven’thad yet 1. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。 Havedone

26. Interview each other like this: A: What have you done today? B: I have ___________today. 2.To be a reporter!

27. Why is he so happy? Because he has _________. 3.A guessing game

28. 4. Chat time (p 14): Millie: (1)_____ you ______(see) any films recently, Sandy? Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you? Millie: I (2)________(see) one last Saturday. Sandy: What’s it about? Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From the film, I (3)______________(learn) more about Beijing’s past and present. Sandy: Oh, I think I (4)__________(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again Millie: Yes, I’d like to Have seen saw have learnt have heard

29. Group work Talk about the changes in our lives. EnvironmentTransport Living conditions Communication ways In the past …,but now…,because I have had…

30. 1.In the past I could see… / hear… However, … has become… over the years. 2.My parents used to go to school …, but now, I go to school …., because … 3.I used to live in …but now I live in … because …

31. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的时间状语 过去分词的构成 Task6: Conclusion 现在完成时

32. Task7:Homework 1. 复习现在完成时的构成与用法。 2. 背诵本节课不规则动词的过去分词。 3. 写作：写一篇有关家乡变化的短文。 （注意把过去与现在的情况进行对比）

33. Class began 45 minutes ago Class has been on for 45 minutes.