1. Triumph of Race and Politics 1863-1877
Reconstruction
Triumph of Race and Politics

2. Reconstruction Began as War Measure
First Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Goal was an easy peace to shorten war

3. Who Should Control Reconstruction—Congress or President?
Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln Pocket Veto
Assassination of Lincoln left question unresolved when Andrew Johnson became president.

4. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.

5. Freedman’s Bureau Relief and Education Clothing Medicine
Custody of confiscated lands
Built schools

6. Freedman’s Bureau Schools

7. Andrew Johnson Rags to Riches Story
Initially a darling of and later a disappointment to Radical Republicans
Reconstruction Plan (Proclamation of Amnesty—May 1865) similar to Lincoln’s

8. Andrew Johnson

9. Radical Republicans: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, Ben Wade

10. Southerners Don’t Get It
Elect ex-CSA leaders to Congress, including Alexander Stephens
Black Codes
Race Riots

11. Radicals Respond
Barely failed to override Johnson’s Veto of Bill to Extend Life of Freedman’s Bureau
Overrode Johnson’s Veto of CRA of 1866
Enacted a new Freedmen’s Bureau
Sent 14th Amendment to States—ratified by them in 1868
Radicals insisted on Civil Rights for former slaves

12. Radicals on a Roll—March 2, 1867
Military Reconstruction Act
Command of the Army Act
Tenure of Office Act

13. Military Reconstruction Act--1867
Divided South into Military Districts
Southern States—Except for TN—would write new constitutions w/ Universal Adult Male Suffrage
States had to ratify 14th amendment
Subsequent legislation gave Army power to register voters and to disqualify “disloyal persons” from registering

15. South Readmitted By 1870, Southern states were readmitted
Some had to ratify 15th amendment
Reconstruction Constitutions were mostly LIBERAL—written by “Carpetbaggers”

16. Johnson Impeached
Vote to remove was 35 to 18, one shy of the 2/3 needed
Radicals didn’t need to remove Johnson; by the time of his trial it was 1868, an election year; he could simply be ignored.

17. Major Achievements of Reconstruction
14th and 15th Amendments
African American Participation in Public Life
Readmission of Southern States

18. 14th Amendment National Definitions of Citizenship
Equal Protection Clause
Due Process Clause
High Confederate Officials banned from national office
Confederate debt repudiated

19. 15th Amendment
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

20. Failure of Reconstruction
Southern whites were violently opposed to black rights; many in north were indifferent
Rise of KKK
Where army was present, KKK leaders were apprehended and imprisoned
Land Reform—blacks (and poor whites) left to farm tenancy (“sharecropping”)

22. WHITE SUPREMACY

23. Freedmen’s World Independent Churches
Political Participation—600 served in State legislatures up to the 1890s

25. Grant Presidency Did attempt to enforce Reconstruction
Presidency clouded by scandals
Republican party divided between Stalwart and Liberal Republicans—little energy left to devote to Reconstruction.

26. President Grant

27. 1876 Presidential Election
Disputed results between Hayes and Tilden
Democrats accept result of Wormsley Hotel Conference
Southerner named to Cabinet, army withdrawn from south, Southern Pacific railway