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Published byGloria Barnett Modified over 9 years ago
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(TO CHANGE OR REORGANIZE)
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Forces that weakened the Catholic Church: ◦ New emphasis on secular (worldly) & individuals vs. religion (Middle Ages) ◦ Merchants want to be leaders, not Church clergy/popes ◦ Merchants did not want to pay TITHES (taxes) to Church ◦ Printing press spreading ideas faster! ◦ Church clergy corrupt & poorly educated!
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Monk from Wittenberg, GER. Took stand against church’s INDULGENCES: pardon that bought your way into heaven Posted 95 THESES on Church door attacking this idea & “pardon merchants”, Oct. 31 st, 1517 ◦ Began the Reformation movement for religious reform
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1. Can only win salvation by faith alone in God 2. Bible is ultimate authority & all teachings should be based on it 3. All people with faith are equal before God
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Pope was unhappy! Threatened Luther with EXCOMMUNICATION (kick out) unless he RECANT (take back) his statements Luther threw decree in a bonfire & Pope excommunicated Luther Edict of Worms (outlaw & heretic) Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) was ANGRY & sent him to Town of Worms for trial
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Luther video: Indulgences, 95 Theses, Printing Press (5 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTKKjxv BhE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTKKjxv BhE
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A prince sheltered Luther for 2 years ◦ Luther translated New Testament into German Luther returns! ◦ Found priests now dressing in regular clothes & called ministers ◦ Now leading church service in German, not Latin! New religious sect: LUTHERANS
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1524 German peasants like Luther’s ideas demand end to serfdom (slavery) & started a revolt Luther mad! Told German princes to crush revolt successful Peasants felt betrayed & rejected Luther
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Most northern German princes supported Lutheranism went against Pope Signed a protest against the Church Protesting Princes PROTESTANT ◦ term applied to Christians belonging to non- Catholic Churches
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Holy Roman Emperor CHARLES V (Hapsburg family) went to war against Protestant Princes & defeated them But couldn’t make them come back to the Catholic Church Tired of fighting signed PEACE OF AUGSBURG (1555) ◦ Religion of each German state be decided by its ruler (own Pope)
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TUDOR FAMILY: King Henry VIII wants a son, but wife too old! Divorce not allowed (Pope’s rule) Henry calls Parliament (government) to pass laws that end Pope’s power in England REFORMATION PARLIAMENT Henry marries Anne Boleyn
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ACT OF SUPREMACY: Made English King—not the pope—the head of England’s Church
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Henry’s 3 kids: Mary, Elizabeth, & Edward Edward ruled for 6 years, then died Mary took over & was Catholic, so turned Church back over to the pope! Mary pushed out, and Elizabeth restores Protestantism She becomes head of the Church of England, or ANGLICAN CHURCH
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Mary’s husband, King Philip II of Spain (Catholic), was angry & planned attack on England Sent 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, & 19,000 soldiers England defeated the Spanish (under Elizabeth’s rule)
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Word spreads to France to JOHN CALVIN Writes book that says all humans are sinful & CAN’T EARN salvation only a few are already CHOSEN PREDESTINATION = God has already chosen those to save (predetermined) New religion, CALVINISM (Protestant sect); based out of Geneva, Switz. STRICT!
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Princes in North Germany converting to Protestantism (no more Pope) Hapsburg Family & Holy Roman Empire in South Germany still support Roman Catholic Church Begins war Charles V defeats Protestant Princes, but can’t get them to convert back In France, Catholics vs. Huguenots (Fr. Protestants) went to war frequently
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DON’T WRITE THIS DOWN, you already have this information! PEACE OF AUGSBURG= says each state’s ruler free to choose religion Peace short-lived Small states around Holy Roman Empire converting to Protestantism; tensions high Leads to THIRTY YEARS’ WAR
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Movement to help keep Catholics stay loyal COUNTER-REFORMATION: Catholic church has lost so many people Ignatius of Loyola creates Society of Jesus (JESUITS) to spread Catholic word again & stop Protestantism Sent out INDEX OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS
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1. Protestant churches flourish 2. Religion no longer unites Europe 3. Individual monarchs & states gain power (church declines) 4. Helped set stage for modern world
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Catholic bishops agreed on these doctrines: ◦ 1. Church’s interpretation of Bible was final ◦ 2. Christians need BOTH faith and good works for salvation (opposite of Luther) ◦ 3. Bible and Church are equal authorities ◦ 4. Indulgences are valid expressions of faith (but false selling was banned)
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