1. After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area? A lichens →grasses →shrubs →trees B mosses →grasses →lichens →trees C grasses →trees →mosses →lichens D shrubs →grasses →trees →lichens

2. In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?
A The Spirogyra population will probably die.
B The bluegill population will probably decrease.
C The Daphnia population will eat something else.
D The smallmouth bass population will increase.

3. Rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a serious pest to farmers. Rabbit populations increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters. What is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers? A Rabbits have a high death rate. B There are few effective predators. C Additional rabbit species have been introduced. D There is an increase in rabbit competitors.

4. Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the A herbivores B water C vegetation D atmosphere.

5. Which situation would result in the greatest increase in the human population? A decreased birth rate and increased death rate B increased infant mortality and decreased death rate C decreased death rate and increased birth rate D increased birth rate and increased infant mortality

6. Silt and nutrients from eroding farmland flow into a lake
Silt and nutrients from eroding farmland flow into a lake. As a result, which will most likely increase first? A fish population B shore vegetation C algae growth D dissolved oxygen

7. What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle
What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle? A to use oxygen to produce glucose B to take in excess water C to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose D to feed on herbivores

8. Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds? A competition B mutualism C parasitism D predator-prey

9. The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs
The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following? A Allows more sunlight to be available to algae B Inhibits the spread of pathogens in algae colonies C Reduces the number of organisms that feed on algae D Increases the competition between different algae species