1. Threats to the Biosphere Biology

2. Biosphere The outer portion of Earth where all living organisms exist- deepest ocean trench up into atmosphere

3. Since Industrial Revolution… Earth’s global temperature is now at hottest point in 13,000 years What is this increase in temperature called? What is the name of this phenomenon? NOAA data 2010 link

4. Global Warming is caused by the Greenhouse Effect We now call global warming- CLIMATE CHANGE

5. Greenhouse gases Water Vapor H 2 0 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Methane CH 4 Nitrous Oxide NOx Fluorocarbons CFC’s (part of Haloalkanes) Ozone O 3 Which one above is the cause of global warming? ------ 

6. Water Vapor H 2 0 same levels Carbon Dioxide CO 2 increased Methane CH 4 doubled since 1800 Nitrous Oxide NOxincreased Fluorocarbons CFC’snow banned Ozone (STRATOSPHERIC) DROPPED

7. Evidence of stratospheric Ozone Depletion link to ozone depletion movie

8. Depletion of Ozone Layer O 3 is naturally occurring in Stratosphere Protects us from UV-B radiation Often called “good” ozone

9. “good” Ozone is depleted by CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons Used in older air conditioners, refrigerators, and in industry

10. Tropospheric Ozone “ bad ozone ” Formed from Nitrous oxide (found in automobile exhaust) and VOC’s Unhealthy for many people EPA issues ozone alerts for large cities Link to EPA Air Now current air quality map

11. Sources of NOx and VOC

12. Acid Rain Rain is typically 5.0pH in Wisconsin, anything less than 5.4pH, we call it acid rain Where is acid rain a problem in U.S.? What causes Acid Rain?

13. Map of US acid rain deposition

14. Illustration of acid rain production

15. Is there a chemical that is a common source of most threats to the Biosphere? Hint: it is found in vehicle exhaust Nitrous oxides (NOx)

16. What can each of us do? Car pool, walk, ride bikes, use public transportation, reduce, use less, change light bulbs to fluorescent or LED, use wind, solar, renewable fuels, drive smaller cars if possible, elect politicians that support global environmental policies

17. Current Arctic ice data Data shows a continual reduction in Arctic Ice in recent yearsData shows a continual reduction in Arctic Ice pp showing ice loss from 1979-2007 NASA daily arctic ice data (ice movement) from 2005-2006NASA daily arctic ice data (ice movement) NOAA model projections from 1900 through 2100NOAA model projections