1. Inequality and Political Participation (Carver Precinct) Anita Bahtia - Sarah Baker Nick Gamse - Andrew Morgan

2. KEY Areas: Affluent Dilapidated Downtown Mall Industrial Symbols: Democratic Sign Republican Sign Anti-War Bumper Sticker Flag Graffiti NAACP Building Protestors School

3. Cville Zoning

4. Education in Charlottesville Source: Census 2000

5. Aggregate Survey Data: Education 17.4% 34.2% 26.5% 3.2% 3.0% 8.8%

6. Carver Survey Data: Education 34.7% 31.4% 9.3% 8.5% 10.2% 5.9%

7. A Comparison of the 3 Sources: Less than HS High School Associates or Bachelors MA or MBA JDPhD Census 202251245 All Survey 317.434.226.53.28.8 Carver Survey 5.910.234.731.49.38.5

8. Less than HS High School Associate or Bachelors MA or MBA JDPhD Census 202251245 All Survey 317.434.226. 5 3.28.8 Carver Survey 5.910.234.731. 4 9.38.5 Greater representation with aggregate survey data…. Not surprising

9. Implications According to our surveys, most possess a college degree Using census data, most have a high school degree Census data indicates that 20% of the population has less than a HS education, national average is 19.6%

10. Aggregate Data: Histogram of Education and Occupation

11. Carver Data: Histogram of Education and Occupation

12. A Comparison of Histograms Education Occupation AggregateCarver

13. Education and Occupation

14. A Closer Look…

15. Carver Data Bar Graph

16. Comparison Aggregate Carver

17. Another View: Aggregate

18. Another View: Carver

19. Stacked Bar Graph Comparison Aggregate Carver

20. Voter Affiliation: Carver DemocratRepublican

21. A Closer Look

22. Less than High School

23. High School

24. Associates or Bachelors

25. MA or MBA

26. J.D.

27. Ph.D.

29. Alternative View of Votes Carver Aggregate

30. Carver District Voting History and Population Breakdown by Race

31. Racial Composition of Charlottesville Asian Residents make up less than 5 % of Charlottesville Population 2.1% 1 1%.03% 4.8%.07% 22% 70%

32. Do the African American respondents represent Charlottesville’s total African American population ?

33. Looks to be representative 22 % 78%84.8% 15.2%

34. African Americans in Carver District 19.1% 78.3%

35. Who did Carver’s Respondents vote for?

36. Carver: Presidential Choices by Race 9021211 Total number of voters

37. Aggregate: Presidential Choices by Race Total number of voters 445989141

38. Racial Implications Carvers African American Population seems to be representative of the aggregate in number polled and their presidential choice Caucasians, Asians, and Latino’s voted for Bush more than African Americans

39. Political Contributions: $ Carver v. Aggregate $ Carver DistrictAggregate

40. What were the issues?

41. Most important issue in the 2004 Presidential Election

42. Summary African American political concerns are materialistic they didn’t count either environment, foreign affairs, or morals and values in their most important issue in the 2004 election Caucasian political concerns are more Post- materialist fairly strong concern for foreign affairs, environment, and the economy but almost no concern for economic inequality

43. $ Income

44. Carver vs. Aggregate All PrecinctsCarver

45. Carver vs. Aggregate All Districts n = 612 Carver n = 124 22.7% 26.7% 13.2% 14.9% 12.7% 3.0% 28.0% 16.6% 10.6% 12.8% 3.0% 22.9%

46. Carver vs. US Census Carver n = 124 22.7% 28.0% 16.6% 10.6% 12.8% 3.0% Charlottesville n = 16,861 households 42% 28% 1.3% 6.3% 7.1% 15.3%

47. Does Income Affect Presidential Choice? Percentage of Votes for Each Candidate, by Income n = 151 176 87 98 79 20

48. Does Income Affect Political Ideology? Numbers are % who checked the box corresponding to each ideology

49. Income and News Outlets % Respondents who receive their news from each source, by income n = 151 175 87 97 79 20

50. Income and the Issues 1 st MIP (%) by Income n = 132 152 71 86 69 19

51. Expressed differently… Income makeup (%) of each set of 1 st MIPs

52. Income and Activism % of Respondents who engaged in each type of activity, by income % lt 25k25 to 50k50 to 75k75 to 100k100 to 200k income 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 money time sign persuade contact letter % (Carver)

53. Carver Goes to War lt 25k 25 to 50k 50 to 75k 75 to 100k 100 to 200k income 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 military deployed % % of respondents who know someone in the military and/or deployed in Iraq/Afghanistan

54. Public Participation in the Carver Precinct

55. There Are Numerous Organizations and Ways to Get Involved in Our Precinct Our polling place is a recreation center at night with board games, computers, cooking, crafts, pool, skating, volleyball The Downtown Mall fringes on our precinct The broader Charlottesville community offers over 475 organizations which would have qualified as one of the six groups we surveyed (Monticello Avenue)

56. Organizations in Charlottesville are Easily Accessible This movie highlights many of the different activities that Charlottesville offers (several of which are in our precinct)

57. Testing How Involvement in the Charlottesville Community Affects Voting We care more about broad participation rather than the actual type

58. Measuring Participation We combined all data from each of the public/political groups into a new variable which we called “Particip” A value of 1 = participation in many groups A value of 2 = participation in no groups N.B. – Although this information gives us some indication about community involvement, there is no consideration/measurement of time devotion or dedication, which is important

59. Participation in the Carver Precinct vs. Charlottesville Most people in both Carver specifically (left) and Charlottesville more broadly (right) only participated in one group.

60. Money Matters in Carver The rich are more likely to participate in a community group

61. …And in Charlottesville The same trend is a little less noticeable in the entire city.

62. Education Matters Too

63. Race, Not So Much

64. Political Participation – Who Turned Out for This Election? As you can see, Charlottesville’s poor were extremely under-represented in the election. Although 42% of the residents make less than 25K, only 23% of our sample fell into that bracket.

65. Participation and City Voting

66. Ideology

67. No Correlation Participation was not correlated with gender, political party, or presidential vote

68. Why Should We Care if There’s Participatory Inequality? Public participation has been inextricably linked to voting In this election, ¾ of our survey respondents participated in at least one of the six identified groups

69. General Conclusions