1. CH 13 The Spread of Chinese Civilization
Japan, Korea and Vietnam

2. “sinicization”
In general contexts, Sinicization refers to the process of "becoming Chinese"

3. Borrowing from the neighbors
Japan has always looked to China as an influence
During 7th to 9th centuries this was intense
Taika reforms tried to make Japanese government more like China

4. Intellectuals and aristocrats absorbed Chinese culture
The common people looked to Buddhism for comfort
The Taika reforms were resisted by the aristocracy
After a takeover attempt the Taika reforms were abandoned, local lords started their own armies

5. The Heian Era- Court Life
A new capital was started at Kyoto
There were strict rules for life
Poetry flourished, Chinese script was modified
Women were very involved in court life

6. Lady Murasaki The Tale of Genji
This was the first novel published anywhere, it is a story of love and intrigue in the Imperial court

7. The Decline of Imperial Power
Aristocratic families began to take more and more control
Fujiwara family came to dominate
Peasants and artisans lost even more power

8. The Warrior Elite
Warrior leaders (BUSHI) governed and taxed their lands for themselves, not the court
They created their own armies- SAMURAI “one who serves”

18. By 11th century samurai were widespread
The warrior code valued honor and courage above all
Seppuku (ritual suicide) was considered the way to maintain honor in defeat

19. Peasants lost even more power
They became serfs
They could not move up in class
Many looked to pure land Buddhism for comfort

20. Declining influence of China
By 838 the Japanese cut ties with Tang China
The Gempei wars caused great suffering
The Minamoto emerged victorious
Military govt. (Bakufu) established at Kamakura
Japan became a feudal state

21. After the Minamoto the Hojo family came to power (Shogun)
The emperor and Minamoto became puppet rulers
Civil wars followed for 10 years
Japan broke into 300 competing states run by warlords (Daimyos)

22. TOMOE GOZEN

24. Comparing Japanese and European Feudalism
Both rose due to weak central governments.
Both were based on mutual obligations and military needs
There were differences- In Japan family and social bonds were very strong
Losing in battle was the worst disgrace

25. Military divisions/ Social Change
15th and 16th century Warfare became deadlier and constant
Daimyos gained more power, the economy grew.
A new class of wealthy merchants emerged.
Women lost almost all power with rare exceptions

26. KOREA

27. Korea
The Tang ruled Korea till 668,remained independent till early 20th century
During Silla alliance period China had its greatest influence
Art, learning and manufacture were borrowed

28. Some Koreans studies for Confucian exams, but most jobs were determined by family connections
Most of Korean society was dominated by a small aristocratic elite
All groups below them served them- ‘low born’ virtual slaves

29. Periodic revolts The burdens on the commoners caused periodic revolts
A century of conflict till YI dynasty established in 1392
Maintained ties with China
It lasted till 1910

30. SOUTHEAST ASIA VIETNAM

31. Southeast Asia - Vietnam
China pushed south into their territory
Viet people resisted the Chinese, they had a strong culture and were far from the Chinese center
They took what they wanted from Chinese culture

32. The Han dynasty demanded tribute, later they conquered and ruled directly
Viets were sent to school in China
There were some revolts, peasants never wanted Chinese control
Trung sisters led a revolt in 39 C.E.

33. "All the male heroes bowed their heads in submission;
Only the two sisters proudly stood up to avenge the country."
15th century Poem

34. The great distance from China helped
By 939 Korea was independent
Local scholar gentry never had the same power as in China
Locals Viet officials favored the peasants and village rulers instead of the ruling dynasty

35. Struggle for Control Two main powers Trihn- centered in Hanoi
Nguyen- centered in Hue
Fought for 200 years

36. Summary
Japan, Korea and Vietnam were influenced most because they had large farming centers
Writing, bureaucracy, religion, art were all influenced China
Each culture was mixed in how much they borrowed

37. Korea- political submission and cultural dependence
Vietnam- conquest and control for a 1000 years
Japan escaped direct rule, but Japan adopted many aspects of Chinese arts and government, then modified them