1. Trade Logistics in the Caribbean Ankur Huria Investment Climate Advisory Services World Bank Group Port-au-Prince, Haiti OCTOBER 22 2009

2. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Why improve trade logistics services in the Caribbean? 2 Governments need to be energized to improve trade logistics services Overarching rationale Globalization and the desire to be part of global networks Attracting private investment is a key objective for the Caribbean countries Improved export potential and in some cases, to become trading hubs Faster, leaner & responsive supply chains are essential for improving export/trade performance

3. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency What does it mean for Businesses? 3 Poor trade logistics creates tremendous costs for businesses including inventory, transportation…. Direct cost of transportation Lost days due to lack of daily vessel runs Cost of financing investment in inventory (interest paid or opportunity cost of capital) Taxes Insurance FinancialRiskStorage and Handling Market share Spoilage Shrinkage Obsolescence Warehousing and storage especially when large inventories require additional space Handling and transportation in general and to overflow facilities Cost Categories

4. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Impact on client countries will vary by typology:  Poor countries not integrated with world financial systems and commodity markets (many sub-Saharan countries);  Mineral rich countries (Angola, Nigeria)  Emerging economies integrated with world markets (China)  Middle income countries (South Africa, Brazil, Mexico)  Island nations (Caribbean) Variation between primary importers (most Caribbean islands) versus primary exporters (China). Higher protectionism in major markets, at least in the short term. Will have direct implications for regional/ preferential trade agreements and the pressures to shape up. Lower bilateral donor funding. How does the current financial crisis affect demand for trade logistics services? 4

5. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Pressure to become much more competitive; it becomes even more important for countries to reduce costs to trade. Reducing supply chain costs to improve performance will be seen as a key element of firm level strategy (i.e. cost cutting on inventories) in a credit scarce market. Rebuilding confidence in global markets would necessitate a larger role for improved trade logistics services. Can be seen as time for emerging economies to prepare groundwork. How does the current environment affect demand for trade related services? 5

6. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Doing Business: Trading Across Borders 2010 IndicatorGrenadaSt KittsSt LuciaDominica Latin America &OECD 2010 CaribbeanAverage Documents to export (number)665774 Time to export (days)141214131911 Cost to export (US$ per container)12268501600129712441090 Documents to import (number)568875 Time to import (days)191318152111 Cost to import (US$ per container)247921382645131014811146 Source: Doing Business 2010

7. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Import time: 50% - 60 % due to software… 7 Nature of Trade Procedures Dominica (No. of days)% Grenada (No. of days)% St Kitts (No. of days)% St Lucia (No. of days)% Inland transport17211182 Terminal Handling453632538633 Customs Clearance32042121516 Document Assembly747737538950 Total days to import15 19 13 18 Source: Doing Business 2010

8. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Geography – Small island nations tend to import significant amounts of foodstuff and other basic goods which are not produced locally, with high transaction costs. Technology - Modern technology offers a number of benefits that could promote trade facilitation. While one of the key reasons for poor technology usage is lack of adequate financing, it is also clear that many customs administrations/ports do not have a strategy for effectively deploying technology. Key Challenges for the Caribbean 8 Legislation - Trade related legislation is often outdated, for instance electronic commerce legislation is still not in place in most countries. Conflicting Interests – Customs revenues are a key component of government revenue. As a result the facilitation function has played a secondary role to the revenue collection function for Customs administrations in the region. Specific challenges that governments need to consider while making trade logistics improvements

9. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Selected Policy Issues Lack of coordination between border control agencies i.e. Customs and Port authorities in some islands. Also many countries don’t seem to have a forum i.e. a national body to discuss trade facilitation issues in a joint-coordinated manner. Risk management implementation is at a nascent stage in most islands. Low levels of automation and electronic processing. Reasons include lack of financing, electronic commerce laws, and lack of implementation capacity among others. Policy and Infrastructure issues 9 Selected Infrastructural Issues Poor warehousing facilities causing delivery inefficiencies, increasing inventory costs Lack of a regular feeder cargo service that serves the ports of the Caribbean Inefficiencies in port/terminal services that cause inordinate delays or costs Governments in the Caribbean islands face a range of policy and infrastructural issues that need to be overcome to improve trade logistics!

10. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Three Focus Areas of the Trade Logistics Program 10 Simplification and harmonization of procedures including documentation; Technical support to introduce risk-based management systems for inspections Automation of trade clearance procedures/ Single Window System Focus on reform implementation

11. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Trade Logistics Advisory Program: Delivery Models 11 Systemic Reform Regional Solutions Rapid Response  IFC  World Bank Group Donors :  CIDA  DFID  NTF  NIPP Development Agencies:  WCO  IMF  OECS  Private Sector

12. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Group Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Questions and Comments tradelogistics@ifc.org 12