1. Introduction to Migration

2. Migration is Global In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the country of their birth The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world

4. Migration is Global Source: United Nations Population Division. Trends in Total Migrant Stock, 2005 Revision. p 11.

5. Types of Migration Primitive Migration When run out of food (disasters, plagues) Free Migration Group migration (being invaded) Does not occur much anymore (due to too many rules) Restricted Migration U.S. Emergency Quota Act of 1921 -3%

6. Types of Migrations Impelled Migration Do not have to leave, but feel pressure Forced Migration Lots of pressure to leave Rural-to urban Migration Most important Internal migration Industrialized countries have 75% of pop in cities. VS. 24-40% in low industry areas

7. European Migrations to USA

9. Why do people migrate? 1. Economics (push/pull factors) 2. Politics (push factors) 3. Social Forces (pull factors)

10. Economic Causes of Migration Better economic conditions, employment, etc. Escape overpopulation and its effects Escape poor climate conditions such as drought, el Niño, etc. Escape natural disasters

11. Many people risk their lives to find a better or safer homeland…

12. Political Causes of Migration Escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc. Escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious, or other grounds Escape prosecution for crimes committed

13. Political Causes of Migration Result of enslavement Forced migration, with or without political agreement

14. Example of “ push ” migration: SUDAN

15. In the African nation of Sudan, drought, famine and civil war have brought about increased migration over the past two decades. The number of Sudanese changing residence has climbed from 1.3 million in 1983 to 3.4 million in 2000.

16. Social Causes of Migration Spread a religion Reunite with family, friends, etc. Spread a political philosophy, such as Marxism, democracy, etc. Find personal freedom, to live a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs

17. What are the effects of migration? 1. Effects on the immigrants 2. Effects on the host country 3. Effects on the home country 4. Multi-national issues

18. Effects on the Immigrants Issues of identity Issues of adaptation and assimilation Differing cultural values between generations

19. Effects on the Host Country Economic impacts positive and negative (guest workers) real and perceived Welfare issues Social attitudes

20. Effects on the Home Country Remittances Loss of revenue

21. Effects on the Home Country Families left behind “Brain drain” Population decrease

22. Multi-National Issues “Open border” policies Immigration policies Security issues Human trafficking/slavery

23. Human Trafficking