1. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF ZOOPLANKTON II

2. Often see coexistence of several congenerics. Mechanisms which promote their coexistence: Seasonal separation Vertical separation Size differences in prey

3. An oxbow (Varza Lake) was examined for vertical migration by zooplankters Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

4. Vertical Migration by Microcrustaceans Figure 3. Vertical distribution of the microcrustacean taxa (Mesocyclops and Notodiaptomus) in Laguna Bufeos. Abundance is expressed as percentage of total number of individuals in vertical profile. White bars: day; dark bars: night. Error bars equal twice the standard error of the mean. Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

5. Vertical Migration by Rotifers Figure 4. Vertical distribution of the rotifer taxa in Laguna Bufeos. Abundance is expressed as percentage of total number of individuals in vertical profile. White bars: day; dark bars: night. Error bars equal twice the standard error of the mean. Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

6. Rangel, L.M., L.H.S. Silva, M.S. Arcifa, and A. Perticarrari. 2009. Driving forces of the diel distribution of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow tropical lake. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 69(1): doi: 10.1590/S1519-69842009000100009.

7. Sarvala, J. 1998. Ecology and the role of benthic copepods in northern lakes. Journal of Marine Systems. 15: 75-86. Fig. 4. Daily production of certain species of benthic copepods in Lake Pääjärvi (Sarvala, unpublished). (a) Attheyella crassa at 2 m depth. (b) Moraria brevipes at 2 m depth. (c) Bryocamptus echinatus at 40 m depth.

8. Vertical distribution of Daphnia retrocurva in Lake Michigan

10. Williamson et al. (2011). Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration

12. Orientation of Daphnia relative to the shore and open water

13. Horizontal distribution of rotifer and crustacean zooplankters in a Swedish lake

14. Jeppesen, et al. (1997). Top-down control in freshwater lakes

16. The Alewife in Crystal Lake, Conn

18. Messner, et al. (2013) Higher temperatures enhance the effects of invasive sports fish on mountain zooplankton communities

20. Trophic production in plankton and nekton in Lake Erken

21. Lacustrine food web

22. Zooplankton production in Mirror Lake, NH

24. Ricciardi et al. (2012). Forecasting the ecological impacts of the Hemimysis invasion in North America

25. Summary for Zooplankton in Freshwater Systems RiversReservoirsLakes Zooplankton community structure Dominated by small forms with rapid, mostly benthic, life cycles Gradient from riverine to lacustrine forms Complex communities with protistan mesozooplankton and macrozooplankton Zooplankton community development Low development; mainly derived from lakes and floodplain Highest development in transitional zone Vertical and seasonal gradients; stable and abundant Zooplankton feedingMainly particulate detritus; some planktonic or benthic algae Detritus and phytoplankton Phytoplankton dominant food source Zooplankton growthLow, but highest in high-order streams; limited by displacement by unidirectional flow Low to moderate; but variable with changing food availability and quality Moderate to high