1. Cause & Effect: British Rule in India
British Raj
Show Introduction of World Revolutions DVD :53 – 5:15

2. Rise of the British East India Company
Causes
land and trade
mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea, opium
lack of Indian unity/rival kingdoms/conflict
long decline of Mughal Empire
Seven Years War (1756 – 1763) – Crash Course Seven Years War 12:20 7:09 in
Battle of Plassey – (page 473 from packet) – Black Hole of Calcutta
British/French Rivalry
Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in India
Robert Clive: BEIC

4. Robert Clive
Robert Clive was a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown.
Clive had led an army from Madras and in 1758 defeated Sirajudaula at the "Battle of Plassey" and became the governor of Bengal under the banner of the East India Company. From there he was able to launch successful military campaigns against the French and stop the expansion of the Dutch.

5. Rise of the British East India Company
Effects
competition between British and French for control of India – defeat of French in Bengal
wealth from India
Rights to build trading posts
right to collect taxes from Mughal Empire
protect BEIC with laws and courts
control more land – direct/indirect rule
large areas with its own private armies
assuming governing functions

6. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Causes
Sepoy: Indian troop who served in British Army
1st wide spread Indian rebellion
grievances against British rule
interfered with social and religious customs
Examples
High taxes on farmers
Resentment of Christian missionaries
Caste forced to live and eat together
Muslim and Hindus together
cartridge grease
Quote page 196

9. Mangal Pandey

10. Mangal Pandey (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857)
Indian soldier who played a key part in events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Sepoy
contemporary British opinion considered him a traitor and mutineer
Pandey is widely regarded as a freedom fighter in modern India.
1984: Indian government issued a postage stamp to commemorate him.

11. Bahadur Shah II
Blowing from a gun is a method of execution in which the victim is tied to the mouth of a cannon and the cannon is fired. This method of execution was used, perhaps most well known, by British troops during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Reign
28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857
Last Emperor

12. Bahadur Shah II
The prisoner is generally tied to a gun with the upper part of the small of his back resting against the muzzle. When the gun is fired, his head is seen to go straight up into the air some 40 or fifty feet; the arms fly off right and left, high up in the air, and fall at, perhaps, a hundred yards distance; the legs drop to the ground beneath the muzzle of the gun; and the body is literally blown away altogether.
Reign
28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857
Last Emperor

13. Sepoy Rebellion Effects
India becomes a British colony/direct rule (1858)
Act for Better Government For India
increased distrust between Indians and British
official start of British Raj (British rule in India)
Raj means "reign/kingdom" in Sanskrit
1858 – 1947

14. Show Chapter 2 The Raj: World Revolutions DVD
3:30

18. British Improved Indian Infrastructure
Causes
the British wanted to increase trade and control their colony
Sepoy Rebellion
It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European
which has won for us India. However well-educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.
- LORD KITCHENER, British Commander of the army in India

19. British Improved Indian Infrastructure
Effects
improved/built roads, railroads, modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, health care
improved response to uprisings/disasters
increased trade
better control of colony by British
India more connected

20. New Economic Patterns Causes British Raj Industrial Revolution
Need for raw materials and foreign markets
Discouraged local Indian industries and limited Indian imports to Britain

21. New Economic Patterns Effects (Listing Question)
Destroyed Indian traditional economy
Locally made goods disappeared
Indians bought expensive British made products: imports
Cash crop economy
To pay for British imports
Less food crops
India dependent on Great Britain

22. Social Changes Causes British Raj: imposed British way of life
better health care/improved sanitary conditions
need for jobs
schools/colleges for higher castes
ethnocentrism of British education
Outlawed certain customs

23. British Empire in Color
Video 8: :00 – 18:47 – Just before Gandhi
Bias
Ring Hunting – 15:00

24. The University of Calcutta, established 1857, is one of the three oldest modern state universities in India.

25. Social Changes Effects (Listing Question) population growth
Urbanization
Loss of traditional ways of life
British educated Indian middle class
make like British (p.197)
English a common language
learned about liberty, freedom, democracy
resentment to British rule = rise of Indian nationalism

26. Formation of the INC (1885) Causes
Indian Educated elite = learning about liberty, freedom, democracy
wanted to return to Hindu traditions = Hindu nationalism
wanted political reform

27. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a constitutional social reformer and moderate nationalist, was elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1905.

28. Formation of the INC (1885) Effects
gradual political change/more gov’t jobs to Indians
1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule

30. Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Causes
Hindu Nationalism/Formation of INC
respect for Muslim Culture/past conflicts
protection of Muslim rights
Muhammad Ali Jinnah

31. All India Muhammadan Educational Conference at Dhaka, which laid the foundation of Muslim League in 1906.

33. Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Effects
Increased tension between Hindus and Muslims
Push to divide India into 2 nations based on religion

34. Closure
With a partner or independently evaluate whether the economic and social changes were positive (+) or negative (-) on India.
Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to each effect under “New Economic Patterns” and “Social Changes”
On the back of the Chart: Were the effects of the British Raj on India mostly positive or negative? Support your answer with several pieces of evidence.