1. Prototyping & Failure: The Art of Design Rama Hoetzlein, 2007 Lecture Notes Univ. of California Santa Barbara

2. Johann Joachim Becher (from Tecnhical Curiosita, Schott, 1664)

3. H.P. Gramatke, magnetic car

4. Jove, 1867 Pat. 42/1867 Source: Hans-Peter Gramatke, Unpublished Works, http://www.hp-gramatke.net/index.htm Guillaume, 1928 Belgium Pat. 359840 Blain, 1979 Kameroon Pat. OA6413 Smeretchanski, 2003 France Pat. 1828716

5. Peter Schmalenbach, 2006

6. What is a sketch? What is the purpose of a sketch?

7. 1. To explain and communicate Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1502)

8. 2. To think Leonardo da Vinci, Flying Machine, 1490 Albrecht Durer, Multiple Views of the Foot, ~1500

9. Challenge: Vertical lift for an X, Y, Z machine Must lift a heavy weight with an accuracy of 1 mm

10. Different types of lifts (pulley, rack & pinion, jackscrew, lead screw Like lead screw most... (high accuracy and travel) But realize.. a grove is necessary as both ends of screw must be fixed. Idea.. Put screw off-center. Travel bar attached to it.

11. Design is coming together. Ready for CAD?

12. Design is coming together Ready for CAD?

13. Low friction.. But just a bad idea! (Too many parts) More compact.. This looks familiar. Maybe I can use an existing track system.

14. Essential Parts: 1x Pre-assembled Lead Screw 2x Pre-assembled Rail system 2x Square tube stock 2x Flat plate Low friction. Accurate. Long travel (3 ft). Final touch: Counterweights?

15. Sketching Concept Sketching Design Sketching Drawing Messy! Thats ok! Thinking happens here. No guidelines. Imperfect perspective is ok. Do lots of them.... but don’t hand these in. Guidelines. Communication happens here. Perspective and shading important. No dimensions or tolerances Dimensions and critical tolerances. All details present. Multiple view and sections to make even more clear. Is it really ready for CAD?

16. Prototypes Sculpture Prototype 1 object. First one is the last one (usually). 1 object. Test object for a final design. Plan to make lots. Early stage: Like a concept sketch. Late stage: First one ready for thorough testing. Finished Design Many objects. Everything must be working and tested. (Mistake here are costly!)

17. Conceptual Prototype Use whatever materials you want! LEGOs, wood, toothpicks. Expect it may breakdown. But you learn the weakest design points.

18. Low-Cost Camera Boom

22. Prototypes & Testing Discover real world limitations. e.g. strength of materials, dominant forces Discover design issues impossible to see in a sketch. e.g. camera booms must be absolutely silent. Discover limitations of design. e.g. what is the range? weight limits? Discover new options hard to visualize on paper. Discover if it actually works!

23. Timewave Rama Hoetzlein & Kimberly Iarossi, 2005

34. Issues Poor communication Language barriers Last minute changes Vertical to horizontal Overly ambitious Started with fancy CAD rendering Limited time 1 week Overworked crew 30 other artists (big exhibition) No time to test Still working day before exhibit Unforeseen I broke tube day of the exhibit Sketch early, Prototype early, Communicate, Do tests

35. All is was not lost... There’s always next time. Engineering is a learning experience. Even when you’re experienced. It takes a lot of bad ideas to produce a few good ones. Sketch a lot !