1. Medical Image processing Medical Image Processing and Neural Networks Laboratory 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 國立雲林科技大學 資訊工程研究所 張傳育 (Chuan-Yu Chang ) 博士 Office: ES 709 TEL: 05-5342601 ext. 4337 E-mail: chuanyu@yuntech.edu.tw

2. 2 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Introduction The Object of this chapter  defined the scope of image processing  Give a historical perspective  Briefly discuss the principal approaches  The components contained in a general purpose image processing

3. 3 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory What is digital image processing?  An image may be defined as a 2D function f(x,y) where x, y: spatial coordinates amplitude of f(x,y) is called the intensity or gray level  Digital image  Digital image processing Processing digital images by means of a digital computer.  The element of a digital image Picture elements, image elements, pixel

4. 4 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory What is digital image processing? (cont.) Three types computerized processes:  Low level Basic operations such as noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening.  Mid-level Segmentation, classification  High-level Understand the meaning of the recognized objects.

5. 5 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory The origins of Digital Image Processing Historical Perspective  1920 Bartlane cable picture transmission system Coded tape by a telegraph printer with special type faces 5 gray levels  1921 Tape punched

6. 6 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.)  1929 15 gray level

7. 7 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.) A series of key advances that led to computers powerful enough to be used for digital image processing:  The invention of the transistor by Bell Lab. In 1948  The development of the high-level programming languages in the 1950s and 1960s.  The invention of the IC at Texas Instruments in 1958.  The development of OS in the early 1960s.  The development of the  P by Intel in the early 1970s.  Introduction by IBM of the PC in 1981.  Progressive miniaturization of components.

8. 8 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.)  The first computer powerful enough to carry out meaningful image processing tasks appeared in the early 1960s.  1964 First picture of the moon By spacecraft Ranger 7 July 31, 1964 at 9:09 A.M

9. 9 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.)  The late 1960s and early 1970s digital image processing techniques began to be used in medical imaging, remote Earth resource observations, and astronomy.  The invention in the early 1970s of computerized tomography (CT) in one of the most events in the application of image processing in medical diagnosis. CT was invented by Godfrey N. Hounsfield and Allan M. Cormack, who shared the 1979 Nobel prize.

10. 10 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing The electromagnetic spectrum arranged according to energy per photon

11. 11 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Gamma-ray Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

12. 12 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) X-ray imaging  Medical diagnostics  Industrial inspection

13. 13 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Ultraviolet( 紫外線 ) band imaging  Lithography( 石版印刷 )  Industrial inspection  Microscopy( 顯微鏡 )  Laser  Biological imaging  Astronomical observation( 天文觀測 )

14. 14 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Imaging in the Visible and Infrared bands

15. 15 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Thematic bands in NASA’s LANDSAT satellite

16. 16 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

17. 17 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Multispectral image of Hurricane Andrew taken by NOAA GEOS  Weather observation and prediction are major applications of multispectral imaging from satellites.

18. 18 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Infrared imaging  Nighttime Lights of the World  Provides a global inventory of human settlements  From NOAA DMSP satellite  From band 10.0 to 13.4  m

19. 19 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

20. 20 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Automated visual inspection of manufactured goods.

21. 21 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Fingerprints  Enhance them  Find features that aid in the automated search of a database for potential matches Paper currency Automated license plate reading

22. 22 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Imaging in the Microwave Band

23. 23 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Imaging in the Radio Band

24. 24 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

25. 25 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

26. 26 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

27. 27 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

28. 28 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

29. 29 Medical Image Processing & Neural Networks Laboratory Components of an Image Processing System