1. infection control

2. why do we study infection control?
The practice of esthetics includes taking measures to prevent the contamination of products & implements, as well as to prevent the spread of diseases from client to esthetician, esthetician to client, and client to client. Federal agencies set guidelines for safety in the workplace.

3. Federal Agencies
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was created by the U.S. Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standard to protect employees in the workplace
OSHA

4. MSDS
The Material Safety Data Sheet was created as a result of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of This regulation created the Hazard Communication Act, which requires that chemical manufactures & importers assess the hazards associated with their products. p. 60-example
MSDS sheets provide key info on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels & storage requirements.

5. Environmental Protection Agency
In the U.S., the EPA approves the efficacy of products used for infection control. The manufacturer must submit a product to the EPA for verification of effectiveness against the organisms listed on the label. Once verified, the product receives an EPA registration number, along with approval of the efficacy claims on the label, stating what organisms the product is effective against.

6. Shows what the product has been proven effective against

7. State Regulatory Agencies
Exist to protect the consumers’ health, safety, and welfare while receiving services in a salon, spa, or medical spa.
They protect consumers by requiring everyone working in the facility to follow specific procedures.
Enforce the rules through inspections and investigations.

8. Infection Control
4 classifications of potentially infectious microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses, & parasites
Disinfectants used in salons must be bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal
It is your responsibility to prevent your clients from harm by practicing safety

9. Bacteria
Also called germs or microbes, are one- celled microorganisms. While thousands of different kinds of bacteria exist, they are generally classified into two types:
Pathogenic-disease-producing bacteria
Non-pathogenic- non disease-producing bacteria

10. Non-pathogenic Bacteria
Approx. 70% of all bacteria are nonpathogenic, many of which live on the surface of the skin.
Also found in certain dairy products (yogurt)

11. Pathogenic Bacteria
Several different types of pathogenic bacteria are harmful because they cause infection and disease, some produce toxins. The following are more common pathogenic bacteria that you might encounter as a professional.

12. Pathogenic Bacteria 1. Cocci (3 Types)
Spherical/round-shaped cells, which appear singularly or in groups. c=circle & cocci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Diplococci
pus-forming cells which form in long chains & can cause blood poisoning, strep throat, rheumatic fever, and other serious infections
pus-forming bacterial cells that form grape-like bunches or clusters & are present in abscesses, pustules & boils
cells that grow in pairs and are the cause of certain infections, including pneumonia
d=double/diplococci

13. Pathogenic Bacteria 2. Bacilli
Most common form of bacterial cells. Bacilli are bar or rod-shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis & diptheria B=bar/bacilli

14. Pathogenic Bacteria 3. Spirilla
Spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis and cholera S=spiral/spirilla

15. Movement of Bacteria
Cocci rarely show active self-movement. Transmitted in air, dust, or within a substance.
Bacilli & spirilla use slender, hairlike extensions, known as flagella or cilia

16. Growth & Reproduction
Bacteria generally consist of liquid, called protoplasm, enclosed by an outer cell wall. 2 different stages of bacteria in their life cycle:
Active Stage: Bacteria grow & reproduce. Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, dirty places. When conditions become unfavorable or difficult for them to thrive, they become inactive
Inactive/Spore-Forming Stage: certain bacteria, such as anthrax & tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with waxy outer shells that are able to withstand long periods of famin, dryness, and unsuitable temps. In this stage, bacteria can resist disinfection & survive for long periods of time in extreme heat or cold.

17. Infections
An infection occurs when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing/pathogenic microorganisms-infectious agents.
The presence of pus is one sign of bacterial infection.
What is Pus?
Fluid, created by tissue inflammation, that contains white blood cells, the debris of dead cells, tissue elements, and bacteria

18. Staphylococci AKA “staph” are among the most common human bacteria.
Carried by about a 1/3 of the population.
Can be picked up on doorknobs, countertops, etc.
More commonly spread through skin-to-skin.
Food poisoning & toxic shock syndrome.
MRSA is resistant to anitbiotics

19. Local Infection- Pimple/Abcess
-Confined to a particular part of the body
General Infection
-Bloodstream carries bacteria or virus and
their toxins to all parts of the body
-AIDS

20. Viruses
Microscopic structure capable of infecting almost all plants & animals
Key difference-live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them
A result, viruses are generally not successfully treated with antibiotics.
Cold, Flu, Herpes, Measles, Pox, Hepatitis, Polio, AIDs

21. Viruses HIV Virus that causes AIDs
Breaks down the body’s immune system.
Passed through blood & other bodily fluids
Contagious/communicable
HIV

22. Viruses Hepatitis 5 types: A, B, C, D & E
Causes disease marked by inflammation of the liver
B is most difficult to kill on surface
All estheticians should be vaccinated against B
Hepatitis

23. Bloodborne Pathogens
Disease-causing bacteria/viruses carried through the body in the blood or bodily fluids
Enter through
-break in skin -eyes
-mouth ears
-nose unprotected sex

24. Parasites
Vegetable/animal organisms that live in or on living organisms
Draw nourishment from host
Not capable of living on their own
Fungi, molds, mildew
Head lice, scabies, tapeworms

25. Immunity Natural-an inborn ability to resist certain diseases
Acquired- developed after the body overcomes a disease or through inoculation, vaccine

26. Prevention 3 Levels of decontamination Sanitation -lowest level
-reduce number of pathogens

27. Levels of Decontamination
Disinfection
2nd highest level
Involves chemical agents that kill most microorganisms on hard, nonporous surfaces
Not for use on human skin, hair, or nails
Look for EPA registration number
Quaternary ammonium compounds-non- toxic, odorless

28. Levels of Decontamination
Sterilization
Highest level of decontamination
Kills all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, bacterial spores
Steam autoclave & dry heat

29. Universal Precautions
Require employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens
Some instances people are asymptomatic

30. Basic 1st Aid Knowledge
Makes good sense to know how to apply pressure to a bleeding wound, CPR, how to dress a burn
Have a well stocked 1st Aid Kit
Identify 4 levels of burns

31. Think About It
During a facial, you reach for a new spatula & accidently drop it on the floor, what do you do?
You’ve just finished a facial & your guest just left. What’s the clean-up procedure to get ready for the next guest?
You cut yourself during a facial service, what would you do?