1. ENERGY and its FORMS (15.1)

2. energy : the ability to do work work: the transfer of energy - energy is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance… both are measured in joules (J) 1J = 1N-m (newton-meter)

4. kinetic energy: energy of motion the kinetic energy of any moving object depends on mass and speed kinetic energy KE = 1/2mv 2

5. potential energy: energy that is stored as a result of position or shape energy with the potential to do work gravitational potential energy: potential energy that depends on an object’s height

6.  an objects gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, height and the acceleration due to gravity potential energy (PE) = mgh

7. elastic potential energy – the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed

9. Forms of Energy… mechanical energy: energy associated with motion and the position of everyday objects thermal energy: the total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object

10. chemical energy: the energy stored in chemical bonds in compounds electrical energy: energy associated with electric charges

11. electromagnetic energy: form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves

12. nuclear energy: energy stored in atomic nuclei the nucleus of an atom is held together by strong and weak nuclear forces which can store an enormous amount of energy

13. Chapter 15.2 Energy Conversion and Conservation  energy conversion: energy can be converted from one form to another law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed – it converted from one form to another

15.  the gravitational potential energy of an object is converted to the kinetic energy of motion as the object falls (avalanche)

16. Energy Calculations when friction is small enough to be ignored, and no mechanical energy is added to the system, then the system’s mechanical energy does not change mechanical energy = KE + PE conservation of mechanical energy (KE + PE) beginning = (KE + PE) end

17. Energy and Mass E (energy) = m(mass) x c (speed of light) 2 - energy released as matter is destroyed and matter can be created from energy Energy and Mass  in Einstein’s equation (E=mc 2 ) – energy and mass are equivalent and can be converted into each other E (energy) = m(mass) x c (speed of light) 2 - energy released as matter is destroyed and matter can be created from energy

18. Chapter 15.3 ENERGY RESOURCES non-renewable energy sources exist in limited quantities – once used, cannot be replenished… oil, natural gas, coal and uranium fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) – formed underground from the remains of once-living organisms – account for the majority of the world’s energy – not evenly distributed throughout the world

20. renewable energy sources  can be replaced in a relatively short period of time – most originate directly / indirectly from the sun – hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, nuclear fusion

21. Conserving energy resources… energy resources can be conserved by reducing energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use energy conservation: finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently