1. KI 13-3 Why Do Inner Cities Face Distinctive Challenges?  Inner-city physical issues? Most significant = ___________ __________ (built prior to 1940) ○ Filtering – ○ Redlining –

3. Urban Renewal  Cities identify blighted neighborhoods, relocate residents and “fix it up” Public housing – residents pay _________ of income for rent ○ 1% in US vs. 14% in UK Renovated housing ○ Gentrification – ______________ ___________________________ ___________________________  Who would oppose gentrification? Why?

4. Inner-city social issues  The underclass People trapped in an unending cycle of _____ ____________________  Culture of poverty?

5. Inner-city economic issues  Eroding tax base – What can cities do?  Impact of the recession Housing market collapse

6. Urban expansion  Annexation – Land area added to a city Used to happen a lot Not so much any more  Why did it happen?  Why don’t residents want to be added to cities?  What problems could this create?

7. Defining urban settlements  The city – the city limits (the actual city)  Urbanized areas – the central city and _____ __________________  Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) Area surrounding a ___ ___________________ __________ (television stations, newspapers, sports teams, etc.) St Louis

9. Why Do Suburbs Face Distinctive Challenges?  Urban expansion leads to issues Lack of annexation leads to Local government fragmentation – _______________________ _____________________________________ ○ Council of government – cooperation between city and surrounding _____________________ ○ Consolidations/Federations of city and county governments – Combined the two into 1

10. Confused further by overlapping metropolitan areas Why area overlapping metropolitan areas problematic? Where does this issue occur most?

11. Peripheral model  Edge cities – Spring up as consumer/business service hubs for the ____ _________________ that work in the central city More specialized: Ex. airport or theme park focused economy

13. Density Gradient  Most dense area of housing is ___ _____________  In recent years, how has that changed?

17. Solutions to (sub)urban sprawl?  _______________________– higher home prices  ____________________– States only fund “________________” development

18. Suburban segregation  Social class segregation Different __________ in different neighborhoods  Land use segregation Zoning ordinances limit residential, commercial, industrial to certain areas (healthier!?)  Suburbanization of businesses

19. Schools – one of the big losers Why do students/schools lose with the fragmentation of metropolitan areas?

20. Public transit More than 95 percent of all trips = made by ______________ Advantages of public transit –Transit travelers take up less ________ –____________, less pollutant, and more energy efficient than an automobile –Suited to rapidly transport large number of people to small area Public transit in the United States –Used primarily for rush-hour community for workers into and out of __________ –Small cities-minimal use –Most Americans prefer _____commutes