1. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Drafting the Constitution Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention. Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention. Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution. Section 2: Drafting the Constitution, Objectives What new system of national government did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

2. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 By 1787 most citizens agreed that the Articles were flawed and needed at least two major changes: In May, delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia to propose Amendments to the Articles. The power to regulate interstate and international commerce The power to tax Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

3. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 53 of the nation’s top leaders convened at the Pennsylvania State House. Most helped to write their state constitutions. Most were rich. All were white males. 21 fought in the Revolution. 8 were signers of the Declaration of Independence. Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

4. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Missing: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. They were serving as diplomats in Europe. George Washington was chosen as president of the Convention. James Madison Roger Sherman George Mason Elbridge Gerry William Paterson James Wilson John Dickinson Charles Pinckney Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton Edmund Randolph Gouverneur Morris Leaders present: Who came? Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

5. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Alexander Hamilton advocated a powerful central government. Ben Franklin contributed experience, wisdom, and prestige. Framers of the Constitution Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

6. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Called the Father of the Constitution, James Madison already had a plan of government in mind. Called the Father of our Country, George Washington attracted crowds when he arrived in Philadelphia. Framers of the Constitution Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

7. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Hamilton and Madison emerged as leaders. Conservative; he feared too much democracy Favored a balance of aristocracy, monarchy, and republicanism Alexander Hamilton James Madison Favored a large republic with diverse interests to preserve the common good Favored a system where different interests would “check” each other’s power to ensure liberty Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention.

8. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 A strong federal government with power to tax, regulate commerce, and veto state laws A Senate and a House of Representatives, both based on population A strong President to command the military and manage foreign relations James Madison proposed his Virginia Plan: Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.

9. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 An executive by committee rather than one leader A unicameral legislature with one vote per state regardless of population States retain sovereignty except for a few powers granted to the federal government William Patterson proposed the New Jersey Plan: Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention.

10. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Roger Sherman proposed The Great Compromise to break the impasse: Two Houses in Congress: The lower house was based on a state’s population. In the upper house, each state had two senators. A system of federalism: Power would be divided between the federal government and the states. Certain powers, such as issuing money, were forbidden to states. Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

11. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 NEW JERESY PLAN VIRGINIA PLAN PLANS COMPROMISES Power divided among three branches bicameral legislature States remain sovereign with only a few powers given to the federal government unicameral legislature by: James Madison by: William Patterson ? GREAT COMPROMISE House of Representatives would represent the population Senate would equally represented each state Solved legislative and power issues Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

12. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Southern states feared larger free states would dominate Congress and threaten slavery. They saw slavery as essential for their economy and demanded protections in the Constitution. Delegates from Georgia and South Carolina threatened to walk out. Slavery proved to be a divisive issue.

13. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 A slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in Congress and electoral votes for presidential elections. Importation of slaves could not be forbidden for twenty years. Northern states could not pass laws to help runaway slaves. Solution: Three-fifths Compromise Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

14. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 NEW JERESY PLAN VIRGINIA PLAN PLANS COMPROMISES Power divided among three branches bicameral legislature States remain sovereign with only a few powers given to the federal government unicameral legislature by: James Madison by: William Patterson THREE- FIFTHS COMPROMISE GREAT COMPROMISE House of Representatives would represent the population Senate would equally represented each state Solved legislative and power issues added to a state’s free population Counted slaves as 3/5 of a person temporarily “solved” slavery issue Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

15. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 Southerners such as Charles C. Pinckney feared the inclusion of anti-slavery phrases, such as “all men are by nature free.” No Bill of Rights George Mason Edmund Randolph Elbridge Gerry, who called it “flawed” Some delegates refused to sign in protest: Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

16. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 39 delegates signed and the Constitution was sent to the states for ratification. On September 17 th ; 42 delegates remained at the convention. Alexander Hamilton accepted the Constitution as the only alternative to “anarchy and convulsion.” Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

17. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2 What new system of national government did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Convention of 1787? After Shays’ Rebellion, Congress called for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. Instead, they created an entirely new constitution. Understand the reasons leaders called for the Constitutional Convention. Summarize the rival plans of government proposed at the convention. Describe the compromises made in order to reach agreement on the Constitution.

18. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2

19. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War BeginsDrafting the Constitution Section 2