1. CSC350: Learning Management Systems
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (Virtual Campus)

2. Lecture # 11 Changing Organizations Stress, Conflict, and Virtuality

3. Review of the Previous Lecture
Finding appropriate human resources
Relationship among recruitment efforts, an open position, sources of human resources, and the law
Use of tests and assessment centers in employee selection
How the training process operates
Performance appraisals and how best they can be conducted

4. Topics of Discussion
Fundamental principles of changing an organization
Insights about factors to consider when changing an organization
An appreciation for the relationship between change and stress
How to handle conflict as a factor related to organizational change
Knowledge about virtuality as a vehicle for organizational change

5. FUNDAMENTALS OF CHANGING AN ORGANIZATION
Process involves modifying an existing organization to increase organizational effectiveness
Managers realize the reality and necessity of change for organizational success in today’s environment

6. Change Versus Stability

7. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHANGING AN ORGANIZATION
Change Agent
Determining What Should be Changed
Kind of Change to Make
Individuals Affected by the Change
Evaluation of the Change

8. Factors Influence on Success of the Change

9. Change Agent Most important factor
Individual/individuals inside/outside organization who work to modify and implement the change
Requires skills to solve change-related problems

10. Determining What Should Be Changed
People Factors
Attitudes, Leadership Skills, Communication Skills
Structural Factors
Organizational Controls, Policies, Procedures
Technological Factors
Equipment or Processes Assisting Employees in Performance of Jobs

11. Impact on Organizational Effectiveness

12. Kind of Change to Make Technological Structural People
Modifying level of technology used
Structural
Changing organizational controls
People
Organization development - OD

13. Grid OD

14. Weaknesses of OD Time consuming Effectiveness is difficult to evaluate
Vague objectives
Costs difficult to gauge
Expensive programs

15. Impact of Change on Employees
Resistance to Change
Fear of personal loss
Reduction in personal prestige
Disturbance of established social and working relationships
Personal failure
Reducing Resistance
Avoid surprises
Promote genuine understanding
Set the stage for change

16. Evaluation of the Change
Was change successful?
Does change need to be modified?
Is further change necessary?

17. CHANGE AND STRESS
Bodily strain individual experiences as a result of coping with some environmental factor
Wear and tear on the body
Body’s subconscious mobilization of energy when employee is confronted with new organizational or work demands
Costs companies $150B per year

18. Influence of Stress on Worker Performance

19. Identifying Unhealthy Stress
High blood pressure
Pounding heart
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constant fatigue
Low energy
Moodiness
Increased aggression
Excessive use of alcohol
Temper outbursts
Compulsive eating
High levels of anxiety
Chronic worrying

20. Help Employees Deal With Stress
Create supportive organizational climate
Implement stress management courses
Make jobs interesting
Design and operate career counseling services

21. CHANGE AND CONFLICT Conflict
Struggle resulting from opposing needs or feelings of two or more people
Can result in positive outcome for organization
Generally results when managers make changes that threaten employees or create conflicting views between managers and employees

22. Strategies for Settling Conflict

23. Strategies for Settling Conflict
Compromising
Involved parties get PART of what they wanted
Avoiding
Conflict is ignored
Forcing
Managers declare conflict is ended
Resolving
Differences are worked out

24. VIRTUALITY Virtual Organization
Organization extended beyond boundaries and structure of a traditional organization by connecting all parties through and other Internet-related vehicles such as videoconferencing

25. The Virtual Office Continuum

26. Challenges in Managing a Virtual Office
More difficult to create a desired organizational culture
More difficult to integrate employees into fabric of organizational culture
More difficult to supervise employees
More difficult to communicate with employees

27. Thank You